張玲玲
摘 要:酒店業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的今天,酒店英語委婉語的使用能提高酒店服務(wù)質(zhì)量。本文就禮貌原則下,從其策略、慷慨、贊揚、謙遜、贊同和同情六準則分析酒店英語委婉語實例及應(yīng)用,從而掌握其用法。
關(guān)鍵詞:委婉語;酒店英語;禮貌原則
隨著現(xiàn)代社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,酒店業(yè)迅速發(fā)展起來。委婉語可有效避免禁忌、化解尷尬、替代不悅。英語作為國際性的語言,是酒店中最主要的工作語言,酒店英語委婉語的運用就顯得尤為突出。
一、禮貌原則
英國學(xué)者G.Leech1983年在《語用學(xué)原則》(Princinles of
Pragmatics)一書中提出了“禮貌原則”(Politeness Principle)。這一原則的六條準則是策略準則(tact maxim);慷慨準則(generosity
maxim);贊揚準則(approbation maxim);謙遜準則(modesty max
im);贊同準則(agreement maxim);同情準則(sympathy maxim)。禮貌原則的核心就是在其他條件相同的情況下,采取合適的表達方式把不禮貌的表達降低到最低限度,即省略些不禮貌的語言或婉轉(zhuǎn)間接地表達出來。
二、禮貌原則下酒店英語委婉語
(一)策略準則
(1)The toilet doesnt flush.(2)What kind of room would you
like, sir We have single rooms, double room, suites and deluxe
suits in Chinese, British, Roman, French and presidential styles.
Toilet是廁所的委婉語。例2中長途電話預(yù)定房間時,預(yù)定處考慮了房間型號和風(fēng)格,既體現(xiàn)了一種禮貌又體現(xiàn)了他的策略,能滿足各色人群的要求,也是一種營銷的手段。
(二)慷慨準則
(1)Im afraid that your suitcase has been put in the wrong
place. I will ask the porter to find it and sent it to your room as
soon as possible. (2)--Shall I pay for that tough one——Certainly
not, sir. Its all free of charge.在顧客抱怨行李運送太慢時,解決客人問題提供幫助和處理牛排太硬等投訴時,給予客人問題的解決和經(jīng)濟上的賠償體現(xiàn)了一種慷慨原則。“as soon as possi
ble””shall I...””certainly not, sir”等委婉語充分體現(xiàn)這一原則。
(三)贊揚準則
——I think we will take the second way:“Open bar on a fixed price.” Its acceptable to both. ---Thats a wise decision, Mr John
son. We look forward to being of service to you.這是咨詢200人宴會如何結(jié)算飲品的對話。顧客接受第二種結(jié)算方法,侍者對他的決定給予贊揚”thats a wise decision”。
(四)謙遜準則
Good afternoon, sir. Im sorry for keeping you waiting, but I
must deal with guests by turn.”Im sorry for ...”的句式消除了客人由于等待時間過長而積聚的不滿情緒,這種禮貌的表達方式遵守了謙遜準則。
(五)贊同準則
Theres a vacant table in the corner, where we can enjoy the
band pretty well. And maybe its warmer over there.在顧客嫌中央空調(diào)太冷的情況下,贊同順應(yīng)客人需要與客戶一致。“maybe”“how about..”一些建議性語言充分體現(xiàn)這一準則。
(六)同情準則
——Henry is so careless that he damaged the desk lamp.——Im sorry to hear that. Is Mr Bellow all right?在客人把東西毀壞的情況下,酒店用了sorry to hear that并且問客人有沒有傷到,都體現(xiàn)了同情準則。
參考文獻:
[1] Leech, G.N. Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman Group Ltd., 1983
[2] 張麗君. 酒店服務(wù)中英語委婉語的語用分析[J]. 中國商貿(mào), 2011, (8).
[3] 諸莉雅. 酒店英語的禮貌性研究[J]. 山東工業(yè)技術(shù), 2013, (11)