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改良經(jīng)括約肌間瘺管結(jié)扎術(shù)治療低位肛瘺的可行性研究

2017-03-06 13:19郭佳何偉管甲生
臨床外科雜志 2017年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)口瘺管肛瘺

郭佳 何偉 管甲生

·論著·

改良經(jīng)括約肌間瘺管結(jié)扎術(shù)治療低位肛瘺的可行性研究

郭佳 何偉 管甲生

目的 評價(jià)改良經(jīng)括約肌間瘺管結(jié)扎術(shù)(ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract,LIFT)治療低位肛瘺的臨床療效和安全性。方法 低位肛瘺病人20例,行改良LIFT術(shù),隨訪3~15個(gè)月,中位隨訪時(shí)間10個(gè)月,記錄病人創(chuàng)面愈合情況和肛門功能(Wexner評分)。結(jié)果 創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間(15.3±4.8)天,一期手術(shù)治愈率75.0%,2例低位復(fù)雜性肛瘺病人術(shù)后單純縫合創(chuàng)面感染裂開,3例(其中低位單純性肛瘺1例,低位復(fù)雜性肛瘺2例)縫合創(chuàng)面感染裂開且內(nèi)口與肛管相通,經(jīng)相應(yīng)處理后創(chuàng)面均愈合;1例低位單純性肛瘺病人術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā),至隨訪終點(diǎn)時(shí),總治愈率為95.0%,其中12例低位復(fù)雜性肛瘺總治愈率為100%。術(shù)前Wexner評分均為0分;隨訪終點(diǎn)Wexner評分0分18例,2分1例,1分1例。結(jié)論 改良LIFT術(shù)更好地權(quán)衡了瘺管清除和保護(hù)肛門功能之間的關(guān)系,保留括約肌完整,瘺管清除徹底,治愈率高,復(fù)發(fā)率低,無肛門缺損和畸形,對肛門控便功能影響小。

經(jīng)括約肌間瘺管結(jié)扎術(shù); 低位肛瘺; 療效

肛瘺是肛腸科常見的難治性疾病之一,手術(shù)是治愈肛瘺最有效的方法[1]。手術(shù)治療肛瘺的目標(biāo)是既要治愈瘺管,又要保護(hù)好肛門括約肌自主控制能力。改良經(jīng)括約肌間瘺管結(jié)扎術(shù)(LIFT)是一種保留括約肌治療肛瘺的新術(shù)式,最早由泰國Rojanasakul等[2]報(bào)道。自Rojanasakul開展LIFT 術(shù)式以來,業(yè)內(nèi)人士紛紛試行此術(shù)式[3-8]。我們結(jié)合自己的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn),將LIFT術(shù)式進(jìn)行了改良,用于低位肛瘺的治療?,F(xiàn)將其臨床療效報(bào)道如下。

對象與方法

一、對象

我院肛腸科2015年 4月~2016 年4月采用改良LIFT治療低位肛瘺病人20例,其中男13例,女7例,年齡18~65歲,病程2~60個(gè)月,低位復(fù)雜性經(jīng)括約肌肛瘺12例,低位單純性經(jīng)括約肌肛瘺8例。上述病人肛瘺管道條索均清晰明確,既往無肛瘺手術(shù)史及肛門形態(tài)與功能異常,非急性感染期,非特異性肛瘺,不合并肛門直腸腫瘤、結(jié)腸炎、Crohn病、肛周皮膚病、糖尿病等。

二、方法

1.手術(shù)方式:術(shù)前未行腸道準(zhǔn)備和預(yù)防性使用抗生素。病人局麻或腰麻成功后,取側(cè)臥位,常規(guī)消毒肛內(nèi)。用探針先明確內(nèi)口,當(dāng)內(nèi)口不易穿出時(shí)不必勉強(qiáng)捅出,以免造成假內(nèi)口,觸摸探針接近直腸黏膜即可。用手指明確括約肌間溝位置,探針從外口探入,沿探針切開瘺管至括約肌間溝,退出探針,改隧道式分離瘺管,至靠近內(nèi)括約肌位置處,用血管鉗夾閉瘺管,緊貼外括約肌側(cè)用3-0可吸收線縫合封閉結(jié)扎近內(nèi)口處瘺管,雙氧水創(chuàng)口注入,確認(rèn)內(nèi)口封閉完全,剪去多余游離瘺管。再充分探查結(jié)扎瘺管處至外口有無支管,若有,要一并切開,搔刮壞死組織,清除瘺管后,用3-0可吸收線間斷全層封閉縫合創(chuàng)面,敷料加壓包扎。

2.術(shù)后處理:術(shù)后流質(zhì)飲食,控制排便3天,常規(guī)靜滴抗生素5天,不坐浴。每日上午清潔創(chuàng)面后至我院肛腸科門診換藥至愈合。

3.評價(jià)指標(biāo):當(dāng)肛瘺創(chuàng)面愈合,不再有分泌物流出或膿腫發(fā)作,即可判斷為治愈。觀察并記錄病人創(chuàng)面愈合情況,治愈率,復(fù)發(fā)率,術(shù)前、手術(shù)創(chuàng)面愈合后和隨訪終點(diǎn)肛門功能(Wexner評分[9])。

結(jié) 果

1.術(shù)后臨床療效:20例病人均順利完成改良LIFT術(shù),其中12例病人術(shù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)支管,將支管一并清除。15例一期手術(shù)治愈,治愈率75.0%,2例低位復(fù)雜性肛瘺病人術(shù)后縫合創(chuàng)面感染裂開,經(jīng)切口注射雙氧水證實(shí)不與肛管相通,局部用磺胺嘧啶銀乳膏換藥后愈合,3例(其中1例為低位單純性肛瘺,2例為低位復(fù)雜性肛瘺)病人術(shù)后縫合創(chuàng)面感染裂開,經(jīng)切口注射雙氧水證實(shí)與肛管相通,于局麻下完全切開,并經(jīng)換藥后愈合。創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間(15.3±4.8)天,隨訪3~15個(gè)月,中位隨訪時(shí)間10個(gè)月,1例低位單純性肛瘺病人于術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā),行肛瘺切除術(shù)后治愈,至隨訪終點(diǎn)時(shí),總治愈率為95.0%,其中12例低位復(fù)雜性肛瘺總治愈率為100%。

2.術(shù)后肛門功能:20例病人全部完成肛門失禁功能評分。術(shù)前Wexner評分20例均為0分;隨訪終點(diǎn)Wexner評分0分18例,2分1例,為術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā)后行肛瘺切除術(shù)病人,有時(shí)出現(xiàn)漏氣現(xiàn)象,1分1例,為縫合創(chuàng)面感染裂開,經(jīng)切口注射雙氧水證實(shí)與肛管相通,后行完全切開病人,與手術(shù)創(chuàng)面愈合后失禁評分比較無明顯差異。

討 論

LIFT術(shù)是近年來出現(xiàn)的用于治療肛瘺的新術(shù)式,與傳統(tǒng)術(shù)式比較,可最大程度地保護(hù)肛門括約肌功能,減輕病人痛苦。但由于其手術(shù)中對括約肌間溝到外口這段瘺管僅僅是隧道式挖除或搔刮壞死組織后間斷縫合,由于瘺管狹長,手術(shù)視野局限,遇到有支管時(shí)很容易遺漏,殘留的支管容易導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)面不愈合或復(fù)發(fā)。LIFT術(shù)對術(shù)者要求較高,如果術(shù)中不能準(zhǔn)確地在括約肌間找到瘺管,并將瘺管完成截除,可導(dǎo)致手術(shù)失敗。

改良LIFT術(shù)遵常規(guī)LIFT術(shù)以括約肌間溝為界的宗旨,以“肛腺感染學(xué)說”為理論基礎(chǔ),閉合感染內(nèi)口、清除感染的肛腺,與 常規(guī)LIFT術(shù)區(qū)別在于:(1)將外口至括約肌間溝之間瘺管完全切開,易準(zhǔn)確找到瘺管,更易探查支管并清除。(2)避免了括約肌間溝的切口,而將創(chuàng)面換至括約肌間溝外側(cè),降低了縫合切口感染、裂開的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。改良LIFT術(shù)瘺管清除更徹底,降低了復(fù)發(fā)率,手術(shù)技術(shù)難度減低。當(dāng)然,切開括約肌間溝與外口之間這段瘺管,顯然對括約肌的損傷較常規(guī)LIFT術(shù)大,但因這部分主要是外括約肌皮下部和淺部,對括約肌的自制功能影響較小,而且術(shù)中切開這段瘺管后又予全層封閉縫合,這對切斷的括約肌起到了一定的修補(bǔ)作用,且避免了術(shù)后肛門缺損和畸形,再加上術(shù)后提肛運(yùn)動(dòng)等功能鍛煉,切開這部分括約肌對肛門自主控制功能影響幾乎為零,以上研究結(jié)果也驗(yàn)證了這一點(diǎn)。

本研究中,5例病人術(shù)后縫合創(chuàng)面裂開,其中2例為單純創(chuàng)面感染,這可能與術(shù)中無菌操作不嚴(yán)格,術(shù)后每日排便,糞便污染創(chuàng)面有關(guān);3例為瘺管內(nèi)口與肛管相通所致,這可能與術(shù)中內(nèi)括約肌側(cè)瘺管結(jié)扎不完全有關(guān)[10]。1例術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā),為完全失敗,考慮可能與以下因素有關(guān):(1)內(nèi)口較大或內(nèi)口周圍組織有進(jìn)行性感染蔓延使結(jié)扎處損壞。(2)技術(shù)因素,在括約肌間溝縫扎內(nèi)括約肌側(cè)瘺管時(shí)損傷直腸黏膜。(3)設(shè)計(jì)缺陷,其對括約肌間溝到內(nèi)口部分未做處理,感染途徑未徹底清除。

沒有一種術(shù)式適合所有的肛瘺,要想取得滿意療效,必須嚴(yán)格把握適應(yīng)證。改良LIFT術(shù)適用于病人肛門功能差或采取傳統(tǒng)肛瘺切除術(shù)存在肛門失禁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的多支管肛瘺病人。改良LIFT術(shù)更好地權(quán)衡了瘺管清除和保護(hù)肛門功能之間的關(guān)系,其保留括約肌較完整,瘺管清除徹底,治愈率高,復(fù)發(fā)率低,無肛門缺損和畸形,對肛門控便功能影響小。

本研究樣本量小,單中心,未設(shè)對照組,隨訪時(shí)間短。我們將進(jìn)行大樣本多中心隨機(jī)對照研究、并增加肛管測壓及盆底肌電圖等客觀檢查和長期隨訪,對改良LIFT術(shù)的有效性和安全性做出更加合理的評價(jià)。

[1] D'Hoore A,Penninckx F.The pathology of complex fistula in ano[J].Acta Chir Belg,2000,100(3): 111-114.

[2] Rojanasakul A,Pattanaarun J,Sahakitrungruang C,et al.Total anal sphincter saving technique for fistula-in-ano;the ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract[J].J Med Assoc Thai,2007,90(3):581-586.

[3] Bleier JI,Moloo H,Goldberg SM.Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract:an effective new technique for complex fistulas[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2010,53(1): 43-46.

[4] Shanwani A,Nor AM,Amri N.Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract(LIFT):a sphincter-saving technique for fistula-in-ano[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2010,53(1):39-42.

[5] Sileri P,Franceschilli L,Angelucci GP,et al.Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract(LIFT)to treat anal fistula:early results from aprospective observational study[J].Tech Coloproctol,2011,15(4):413-416.

[6] Aboulian A,Kaji AH,Kumar RR.Early result of ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract for fistula-in-ano [J].Dis Colon Rectum,2011,54(3):289-292.

[7] Tan KK,Tan IJ,Lim FS,et al.The Anatomy of failures following thelLigation of intersphincteric tract technique for anal Fistula:a review of 93 patients over 4 Years[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2011,54(11):1368-1372.

[8] 薄彪,楊凌洪,凌光烈,等.肛門括約肌間瘺管結(jié)扎術(shù)治療復(fù)雜性肛瘺的療效觀察與評價(jià)[J].中華普外科手術(shù)學(xué)雜志(電子版),2012,6(2):57-758.

[9] Jorge JM,Wexner SD.Etiology and management of fecal incontinence[J].Dis Colon Rectum,1993,36(1):77-97.

[10]Van Onkelen RS,Gosselink MP,Schouten WR.Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract in low transsphincteric fistula: a new technique to avoid fistulotomy[J].Colorectal Dis,2013,15(5):587-591.

(本文編輯:彭波)

Feasibility study about modified ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract in the treatment of low anal fistula

GUO Jia,HE Wei,GUAN Jiasheng.

(Department of Colorectal Surgery,Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China)

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of modified ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract(LIFT)for low anal fistula.Methods We follow-up visited 20 patients with low anal fistula underwent modified LIFT procedures(Since the outer edge shape of anal fistula incision fistula and the branch into the intersphincteric groove,proximal lateral internal sphincterotomy ligation.The wound was closed to the whole layer of closed suture after removal of the pipe wall).Median follow-up duration was 10(range 3-15)months.To compile statistics on the wound healing time,the clinical healing rate,the recurrence rate and the fecal incontinence score(Wexner score)of those patients.Results The wound healing time was(15.3±4.8)d.The prime success rate of fistula healing was 75%(15/20)after the modified LIFT procedure.2 cases of low complex anal fistula presented with wound infection,and 3 cases(including 1 cases of simple low anal fistula,2 cases of low complex anal fistula)had fistula with infection.They were cured after appropriate treatment.During follow-up of 3 to 15(median 10)months,1 cases of simple low anal fistula recurred in third months after surgery.To the end of the follow-up,the total clinical healing rate was 95%(19/20),of which 12 cases of low complex anal fistula total cure rate was 100%(12/12).Preoperative fecal incontinence scores(Wexner score)were all 0 points.At the final follow-up,18(90%)cases of fecal incontinence score were 0 points,1(5%)cases were 2 points and 1(5%)cases were 1 points.Conclusion Modified LIFT is better balance the relationship between cure rate and anal function.The sphincter preservation is complete.The fistula is thoroughly cleared.The cure rate is high.The recurrence rate is low.Does not cause anal defects and deformities.It has little influence on the function of anal control,the operation is simple,and it is suitable to be popularized.

ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract; low anal fistula; efficacy

10.3969/j.issn.1005-6483.2017.08.019

225000 江蘇揚(yáng)州,揚(yáng)州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院(江蘇省蘇北人民醫(yī)院)肛腸科

何偉,Email:guoguo139129@126.com

2016-08-04)

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