王 麗 王小平 李庭毅
孝感市中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,湖北 孝感 432000
帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是一種神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)變性疾病[1]。目前主要用藥仍是左旋多巴,隨著治療時間及病程的延長,發(fā)生異動癥的概率隨之增加,超過10 a發(fā)生異動癥概率高達80%[2-4]。VitB12、FA在帕金森病患者中降低而Hcy升高已被證實[5-8],但VitB12、FA、Hcy在帕金森病異動癥患者中的變化目前國內(nèi)還未見報道。本研究對比了帕金森病異動癥與非異動癥患者VitB12、FA、Hcy水平,分析其可能影響因素。
1.1研究對象收集孝感市中心醫(yī)院2015-01—2016-11 PD門診及住院患者237例。(1)入選標準:符合英國腦庫制定的原發(fā)性PD診斷標準:①必須存在至少下列兩項主征:靜止性震顫、運動遲緩、肌強直及步態(tài)姿勢異常;②排除藥物、腦血管病、腦炎及腦外傷等各種原因?qū)е碌呐两鹕C合征和進行性核上性眼肌麻痹、橄欖-腦橋-小腦萎縮、黑質(zhì)-紋狀體變性等帕金森疊加綜合征;③左旋多巴治療有效;④初發(fā)癥狀、體征或病程中有兩側(cè)不對稱。(2)排除標準:腦卒中、腦腫瘤、腦炎、腦積水、腦外傷及先天性VitB12、FA、Hcy缺乏或不足者。
1.2方法根據(jù)異動癥臨床定義[9]將237例PD患者分為異動癥組63例和非異動癥組174例。入組次日清晨采用肝素抗凝管抽取肘靜脈血3 mL,1 h內(nèi)分離血漿,置于—20 ℃冰箱內(nèi)待查,采用放射免疫法檢測VitB12、FA水平,采用酶分析法檢測Hcy水平。
觀察2組血漿VitB12、FA、Hcy水平;將差異有統(tǒng)計學意義的指標選出,異動癥組按性別、年齡、起病年齡、病程、左旋多巴使用時間、日多巴總量、H-Y分期的不同分組進行選出指標的對比。
2.1 2組血漿FA、Hcy VitB12水平比較異動癥組血漿Hcy、FA水平與非異動癥組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(分別為t=0.909,P>0.05;t=0.407,P>0.05)。異動癥組血漿VitB12水平與非異動癥組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=-3.486,P<0.01)。見表1。
表1 2組血漿VitB12、FA、Hcy水平比較
2.2影響異動癥血漿VitB12變化的因素分析不同性別、年齡、起病年齡、病程、左旋多巴使用時間、H-Y分期患者的血漿VitB12差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。日多巴總量分為<400 mg、400~600 mg、>600 mg 3組,日多巴總量<400 mg組與400~600 mg組及>600 mg組血漿VitB12水平差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),而日多巴總量400~600 mg組與>600 mg組血漿VitB12水平差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表2~4、圖1。
圖1 日多巴總量與血漿VitB12水平的關(guān)系
表2 異動癥組不同H-Y分期患者血漿VitB12比較
表3 異動癥組不同日多巴總量患者血漿VitB12比較
表4 帕金森病異動癥組不同指標患者血漿VitB12水平比較
PD是一種中老年人常見的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)退行性疾病,50歲以上發(fā)病率為2%,發(fā)病機制為多巴胺神經(jīng)元變性壞死,多巴胺神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)合成減少,紋狀體多巴胺與乙酰膽堿比例失調(diào)[9-12]。隨著左旋多巴治療PD時間的延長,發(fā)生異動癥的概率隨之增加,左旋多巴治療5 a內(nèi)異動癥的發(fā)生率11%,6~9 a發(fā)生率32%,>10 a合并異動癥者可高達80%[2,13-14]。多數(shù)文獻報道[5-7,15-18],PD患者Hcy升高、FA及VitB12降低,且Hcy與FA、VitB12呈負相關(guān)。MADENCI等[19]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PD患者血漿VitB12水平與H-Y分期呈負相關(guān)。但異動癥組與非異動癥組中Hcy、FA及VitB12是否有差異未完全知曉。KOCER等研究[5]表明,Hcy與帕金森異動癥無關(guān)。而CAMICIOLI等研究[6]表明,高VitB12可能有更低的異動癥風險。
本研究中,異動癥與非異動癥患者血漿FA、Hcy水平無明顯差異(P>0.05),而血漿VitB12水平差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,異動癥組血漿VitB12水平遠低于非異動癥組,與CAMICIOLI 等[6]的研究相符。異動癥組中不同性別、年齡、起病年齡、病程、左旋多巴使用時間、H-Y分期患者血漿VitB12水平無顯著差異(P>0.05),而日多巴總量<400 mg、400~600 mg、>600 mg組間血漿VitB12水平差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),說明日多巴總量400 mg是本研究帕金森病伴異動癥患者血漿VitB12水平的一個分界值,日多巴總量>400 mg者比<400 mg者血漿VitB12水平更低。根據(jù)日多巴總量與血漿VitB12水平圖亦可看出,日多巴總量越大,VitB12水平越低。多數(shù)研究[2,20-23]中,日多巴總量>400 mg的帕金森病患者異動癥的發(fā)生率明顯增高,可能提示在臨床工作中,對于日多巴總量>400 mg的患者,可適量補充VitB12,從而降低異動癥發(fā)生的風險。
VitB12是唯一含金屬的維生素,是細胞合成核苷酸的重要輔酶,參與脫氧核酸合成,脂肪、碳水化合物及蛋白質(zhì)的代謝[24-25];參與機體甲基的轉(zhuǎn)化及葉酸的代謝,提高葉酸利用率,VitB12與葉酸一起參與蛋氨酸的合成,降低Hcy濃度[26-27];VitB12維護神經(jīng)髓鞘的代謝與功能,缺乏時可造成進行性或彌漫性神經(jīng)脫髓鞘,破壞神經(jīng)細胞的正常形態(tài)及功能,降低神經(jīng)沖動的泛化、減少抽動等,誘發(fā)各種神經(jīng)疾病[28-30]。靈長類動物實驗證明,VitB12可調(diào)節(jié)氧化還原依賴機制、保護神經(jīng)、增加腦組織對氧化應激的耐受性,VitB12降低能引起腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)元退化[31-34]。本研究血漿VitB12水平降低可能與上述一條或幾條機制相關(guān),具體機制還有待進一步的研究。
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