任琳潔

[摘要]目的：探討燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁心理狀態(tài)與社會支持及希望水平的關系。方法：納入2018年2月-9月共155例燒傷患者，行問卷調查。分別選用醫(yī)院焦慮抑郁量表（hospital anxiety and depression scale，HAD）、社會支持評分量表（social support rating scale，SSRS）、希望水平指數(shù)（herth hope index，HHI）量表評估患者焦慮、抑郁得分及社會支持、希望水平，并用Pearson相關分析其相關性。結果：燒傷患者中焦慮、抑郁狀況平均得分分別為6.54±3.82及7.68±4.23，檢出率分別達34.2%、43.2%。其社會支持總分得分為40.90±8.46，顯著高于全國常模得分34.56±3.73，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（t=20.93，P<0.01）。希望水平總分為31.50±6.46，中等及以下希望水平占78.1%。燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁與社會支持及希望水平之間呈顯著負相關（P<0.05）。相關系數(shù)分別為-0.471、-0.480、-0.487及-0.502。結論：燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁的心理狀態(tài)與社會支持及希望水平負相關。在臨床工作中，應重視通過提高患者社會支持及希望水平的方式預防焦慮、抑郁的發(fā)生。

[關鍵詞]燒傷;焦慮;抑郁;社會支持;心理狀態(tài);量表評估

[中圖分類號]R395.1? ? [文獻標志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455（2019）06-0143-03

Abstract： Objective? To explore the relationship between anxiety， depression and social support and hope level in burn patients. Methods? A total of 155 burn patients from February 2018 to September 2018 were enrolled in this study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HAD）， Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and Hope Level Index （HHI） were used to assess anxiety， depression scores and social support and hope levels of patients， and Pearson correlation was used to analyze their correlation. Results? The average scores of anxiety and depression in burn patients were 6.54±3.82 and 7.68±4.23， respectively. The detection rates were 34.2% and 43.2%， respectively. The total score of social support was 40.90±8.46， which was significantly higher than the national norm score of 34.56±3.73， the difference was statistically significant （t=20.93， P<0.01）. The total score of hope level was 31.50±6.46， with 78.1% of hope level below the middle level. There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety， depression and social support and hope level in burn patients （P<0.05）. The correlation coefficients were -0.471， -0.480， -0.487 and -0.502， respectively. Conclusion? The psychological state of anxiety and depression in burn patients is negatively correlated with the level of social support and hope. In clinical work， attention should be paid to the prevention of anxiety and depression by improving the level of social support and hope of patients.

Key words： burn; anxiety; depression; social support; psychological state; scale evaluation

隨著現(xiàn)代化、城市化、電氣化的發(fā)展，燒傷成為城市人群的多發(fā)外傷性疾病。由于其起病急驟、治療周期長、過程伴隨慢性疼痛、長期臥床制動等痛苦，且創(chuàng)傷愈合后多遺留嚴重外觀破壞。因此，燒傷患者更容易出現(xiàn)焦慮、抑郁、自卑等不良心理狀態(tài)[1]?，F(xiàn)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，社會支持及希望水平與多種疾病患者的心理狀態(tài)有關[2-4]。但該方面研究在燒傷患者中較為少見。本研究將通過問卷調查等形式評估燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁心理狀態(tài)，并探討其與社會支持及希望水平的關系。

1? 資料和方法