王高鵬
摘 要:就高中英語句子寫作當中出現(xiàn)的問題進行歸納分析,并提出“運用排比結(jié)構、具體詞匯、簡潔詞匯,以及變換句型”等教學策略。
關鍵詞:高中英語;句子寫作;歸納分析
《普通高中英語課程標準(2017版)》指出:聽、說、讀、看、寫是英語學習的基本能力,其中寫的能力更是直接反映了學生對英語的綜合運用能力,直接影響到學生的整個英語寫作。筆者在平時教學中也發(fā)現(xiàn),學生所寫的句子除了結(jié)構單一,詞匯堆砌外,時態(tài)混亂,前后不一,對英語句子寫作缺乏認識和思考。在此談幾點建議。
一、運用排比結(jié)構
排比結(jié)構是把三個或三個以上意義相近、詞性相近、語氣結(jié)構相同的短語或句子排在一起組成的結(jié)構。運用排比可以使句子更加工整,飽滿,朗朗上口。例如:
a.The contestant was told to be cheerful,charming,and enthusiastic.
b.Grandmother likes to read mystery novels,to do needlepoint,and to browse the Internet on her home computer.
二、保持句子前后一致
(一)動詞時態(tài)一致
寫作中,切忌不必要的時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。比如,所寫句子以現(xiàn)在時為主,就不能突然轉(zhuǎn)換成過去時;如果句子所提及的內(nèi)容開始于過去,也不要毫無緣由地轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在時。例如:
a. Aunt Flo tried to kiss her little nephew,but he runs (ran) out of the room.
b. In a zero-gravity atmosphere,water breaks up into droplets and floated (floats) around in space.
(二)人稱代詞一致
在平時的書面表達練習中,經(jīng)常有學生在人稱代詞方面出錯,指代混亂。例如:
a. Though we like most of our neighbors,there are a few you (we) cant get along with.
b. Many people are ignorant of side effects that diets can have on your (their) health.
三、運用具體的詞匯
學生在寫句子時,不能只滿足并局限于腦子里首先出現(xiàn)的詞語上,一定要用心想想有沒有更好的表達詞匯。實際上,我們每個人的腦子里都有了一個或大或小的詞庫,只要我們肯去發(fā)掘,往往可以得到更好的表達方式(黃任,2006)。筆者通過批閱作文發(fā)現(xiàn),學生受漢語思維的影響,所用詞匯過于籠統(tǒng),不能有效地表達意義。因此,在修改句子時,教師應注意使用具體詞匯表達相應的意義。例如:
a. She walked down the street. → Anne wandered slowly along Rogers Lane.
b. Animals came into the space. → Hungry lions approached silently into the resting rhinos.
在實際書面表達中,準確的句子可以幫助讀者在腦海中形成清晰的畫面,具體的細節(jié)描寫能夠讓讀者明白正在發(fā)生的事情。我們可以從以下四個方面來讓作文中的句子更加準確。
(一)使用具體的名稱,例如:
He sold his office equipment. → John sold his typewriter.
(二)使用生動的動詞,例如:
The flag moved in the breeze. → The flag fluttered in the breeze.
(三)在名詞之前運用修飾詞作定語,例如:
A man strained to lift the box. → A clumsy,sweating man strained to lift the heavy wooden box.
(四)使用具體的感官類(看、聽、嘗、聞、摸)詞匯,例如:
a. That woman jogs five miles a day. → That fragile-looking,gray-haired woman jogs five mile a day.
b. A noise told the crowd that there are two minutes left to play. → A loud whistle told the cheering crowd that there were two minutes to play.
四、運用簡潔的詞匯
從平時的書面表達作業(yè)來看,也有一部分學生在寫句子時,用詞過于煩瑣、冗贅,這無形中給閱卷老師傳遞出此學生寫作態(tài)度不端正、不認真的信息,從而拉低了閱卷老師的評分。例如:
a. In this paper,I am planning to describe the hobby that I enjoy of collecting old comic books. → I enjoy collecting old comic books.
b. In Bens opinion,he thinks that the mobile phone will change and alter our lives in the future. → Ben thinks that the mobile phone will change our lives.
五、變換句型
變換句型是進行有效寫作的途徑之一。如果學生的寫作句型單一,文章讀起來會顯得單調(diào)、乏味。以下四種寫作方法,可以有效豐富句型,使表達更加充分、有意義。
(一)增加并列句
一個并列句是由兩個,或兩個以上獨立的簡單句,通過并列連詞連接起來的句子。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要,是平行并列的關系,通常用and,but,for,or,nor,so,yet,not only...but also等并列連詞來連接。例如:
a. Greg worked on the engine for three hours,but the car still wouldnt start.
b. Bananas were on sale this week,so I bought a bunch for the childrens lunches.
(二)增加從屬句
從屬句也叫從句,它本身不能表達一個完整的意義。因此,它必須依附于主句,構成主從復合句。通常用從屬連詞引導。
在主從復合句中,主句為句子的主體,從句只作為句子的次要成分,不能獨立成為一個句子,必須依附于主句。例如:
a. Although the exam room was very quiet,I still couldnt concentrate.
b. Even though I was tired,I stayed up to watch the horror movie.
(三)句首用詞或短語的特殊形式
為了讓作文更加能夠吸引讀者的眼球,句首可以用特殊形式的詞或短語,最常見的有:分詞做狀語、副詞做評注性狀語修飾全句、動詞不定式做狀語和only修飾狀語置于句首的倒裝等。例如:
a. Concerned about his sons fever,Paul called a doctor.
b. Arriving at a strange-looking house,he showed me into a large,bright clean room.
(四)在句子中用連續(xù)性的形容詞或動詞
連續(xù)性的形容詞或動詞會使表達的意義更加生動,結(jié)構更加靈活。例如:
a. Jesse spun the basketball on one finger,rolled it along his arms,and dribbled it between his legs.
b. The brown,foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.
參考文獻:
[1]John Langan. College Writing Skills with Readings. The
McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc,2007.
[2]黃任.英語修辭與寫作[M].上海外語教育出版社,2006.
[3]徐廣聯(lián).大學英語語法[M].華東理工大學出版社,2005.
注:本文系甘肅省“十三五”教育科學規(guī)劃2017年度“隴原名師”專項課題之“教師隊伍建設策略研究(GS[2017]MSZX030)”和甘肅省“十三五”教育科學規(guī)劃2018年度“基于英語學科核心素養(yǎng)的高中英語過程性寫作教學策略研究(GS[2018]GHB2622)”階段性成果。
編輯 謝尾合