陳燕翎 王嵐
[摘要] 目的 研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者實(shí)施個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)的效果。 方法 方便選擇76例于該院接受慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療的患者,納入時(shí)間為2017年3月—2018年3月,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組與參照組,每組均38例。其中參照組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理模式,實(shí)驗(yàn)組行個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù),對(duì)比兩組患者肺功能指標(biāo)生存率治療經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 結(jié)果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)前肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣量、第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率分別為(1.54±0.31)L、(0.98±0.26)L、(40.53±5.18)%;參照組干預(yù)前分別為(1.53±0.29)L、(1.03±0.27)L、(40.48±5.22)%。實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣量、第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率分別為(2.31±0.14)L、(1.78±0.18)L、(69.75±4.74)%;參照組干預(yù)后分別為(1.81±0.27)L、(1.42±0.27)L、(55.95±4.71)%。干預(yù)前2組患者肺功能指標(biāo)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.145、0.822、0.042、10.134、6.839、12.731,P=0.885、0.414、0.967、0.000、0.000、0.000)。經(jīng)護(hù)理干預(yù)患者肺功能均有所改善,但干預(yù)后實(shí)驗(yàn)組肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣量、第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率均高于參照組。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者存活37例,占比97.37%;參照組患者存活30例,占比78.95%,組間對(duì)比(χ2=6.176,P=0.013)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療后生存率(97.37%)顯著高于參照組(78.95%)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)為(17.41±7.95)d,參照組為(24.96±9.03)d;實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院花費(fèi)為(1.53±0.64)萬(wàn)元,參照組為(2.43±0.82)萬(wàn)元,組間對(duì)比(t=3.868、5.334,P=0.000、0.000)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)短于參照組,與參照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院花費(fèi)較少,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者應(yīng)用個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)形式能夠改善其治療效果,提高患者生存率,且治療費(fèi)用較低,應(yīng)予以臨床推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù);慢性阻塞性肺疾病;治療經(jīng)濟(jì)性;生存率
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R473.5? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2019)09(c)-0137-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of individualized nursing intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods Convenient selected 76 patients who underwent treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in our hospital were enrolled. The patients were enrolled from March 2017 to March 2018 and were randomly divided into experimental and reference groups, 38 cases in each group. The reference group used the routine nursing mode, and the experimental group performed personalized nursing intervention to compare the survival rate of lung function indicators in the two groups to treat the economy. Results The pre-intervention lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and forced expiratory volume in the first second accounted for (1.54±0.31) L, (0.98±0.26) L, (40.53±5.18)%, respectively; Before the intervention, the group was (1.53±0.29)L, (1.03±0.27)L, and (40.48±5.22)%. After the intervention of the experimental group, the vital capacity, the forced expiratory volume in the first second, and the forced expiratory volume in the first second accounted for (2.31±0.14) L, (1.78±0.18) L, (69.75±4.74)%, respectively; After that, they were (1.81±0.27) L, (1.42±0.27) L, and (55.95±4.71)%. Comparison between groups (t=0.145, 0.822, 0.042, 10.134, 6.839, 12.731, P=0.885, 0.414, 0.967, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000). The lung function of the patients after the intervention was improved, but the lung capacity of the experimental group, the forced expiratory volume in the first second, and the first second force. The ratio of expiratory volume to vital capacity was higher than that of the reference group. In the experimental group, 37 patients survived, accounting for 97.37%. In the reference group, 30 patients survived, accounting for 78.95%. The comparison between groups was(χ2=6.176, P=0.013). The survival rate of the experimental group after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (97.37%) was significantly higher than that of the reference group (78.95%). The length of hospital stay in the experimental group was (17.41±7.95) d, and the reference group was (24.96±9.03) d; the hospitalization cost of the experimental group was (1.53±0.64) ten thousand, and the reference group was (2.43±0.82) ten thousand(t=3.868, 5.334, P=0.000, 0.000). The length of hospitalization in the experimental group was shorter than that in the reference group. Compared with the reference group, the hospitalization cost of the experimental group was less, and there was a higher difference between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of personalized nursing interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can improve their therapeutic effect, improve the survival rate of patients, and the cost of treatment is low, which should be promoted clinically.
[Key words] Personalized nursing intervention; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Treatment economy; Survival rate
慢性阻塞性肺疾病是以肺功能減退、呼吸氣流受限為主要特征的疾病之一,該病與環(huán)境、肺部損傷等具有密切關(guān)系,臨床發(fā)病率及致死率較高,對(duì)患者及其家庭均造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[1]。鑒于此,該研究對(duì)2017年3月—2018年3月該院接受慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療的患者76例患者應(yīng)用個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)形式于臨床治療之中,取得了令人滿(mǎn)意的臨床效果,報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
方便選擇于該院接受慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療的患者76例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組(n=38)與參照組(n=38)。其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組男性慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者25例,女性患者13例;最小年齡51周歲,最大年齡86周歲,中位年齡(69.15±10.54)周歲;慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病時(shí)間最短2年,最長(zhǎng)16年,中位病程時(shí)間(9.67±5.62)年;參照組男性慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者23例,女性患者15例。最小年齡52周歲,最大年齡88周歲,中位年齡(69.17±10.51)周歲;慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病時(shí)間最短1年,最長(zhǎng)15年,中位病程時(shí)間(9.65±5.60)年。兩組患者年齡、性別、慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病時(shí)間等基線(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。分組方式通過(guò)可比性測(cè)試。該研究?jī)?nèi)容經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審核并批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患者在了解該研究?jī)?nèi)容后自行簽署相關(guān)協(xié)議;②符合《慢性阻塞性肺疾病診斷與療效評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[2]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①認(rèn)知功能障礙;②嚴(yán)重心功能低下疾病;③活動(dòng)性關(guān)節(jié)炎。
1.2? 方法
參照組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理模式,根據(jù)患者臨床癥狀予以解痙、鎮(zhèn)咳、平喘、消炎治療,遵醫(yī)囑給予患者藥物,在院期間對(duì)患者實(shí)施綜合性護(hù)理。實(shí)驗(yàn)組行個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù),在參照組基礎(chǔ)之上,包括:①呼吸訓(xùn)練。該病患者主要癥狀為呼吸受限,導(dǎo)致患者長(zhǎng)時(shí)間體內(nèi)存在缺血缺氧狀態(tài),對(duì)于此,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)指導(dǎo)患者實(shí)施呼吸訓(xùn)練,通過(guò)復(fù)試呼吸及縮唇呼吸方式,每次行呼吸訓(xùn)練2~3次,10~15 min/次[3]。②心理護(hù)理?;颊唛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間受到疾病的影響,其心理及情緒狀態(tài)存在一定問(wèn)題,部分患者伴有抑郁、焦慮、緊張、恐懼等不良情緒,嚴(yán)重危害患者臨床治療效果及護(hù)理依從性[4]。對(duì)此,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)全面了解患者情緒及心理狀態(tài),并針對(duì)患者家屬情況予以了解,確立心理干預(yù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容,并針對(duì)患者心理及情況予以干預(yù),緩解患者不良情緒。③不良習(xí)慣干預(yù)。臨床中部分患者存在不良生活習(xí)慣問(wèn)題,尤其是吸煙患者對(duì)其癥狀造成嚴(yán)重影響,鑒于此,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)告知患者吸煙的危害,分析患者戒煙難度產(chǎn)生原因,根據(jù)患者認(rèn)知能力、文化背景及生活習(xí)慣給予個(gè)體化戒煙管理,并告知其家屬如何正確督促患者戒煙[5-6]。
1.3? 觀察指標(biāo)
在患者入院后及出院前對(duì)其肺功能指標(biāo)予以檢驗(yàn),包括肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣量、第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率[7]。記錄患者干預(yù)后6~12個(gè)月生存率。觀察患者住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)、住院花費(fèi)情況。
1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用[n(%)]表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1? 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者干預(yù)前后肺功能指標(biāo)比較
對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組與參照組慢性阻塞性肺疾病干預(yù)前后肺功能指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),干預(yù)前兩組患者肺功能現(xiàn)骨干指標(biāo)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),經(jīng)護(hù)理干預(yù)患者肺功能均有所改善,但干預(yù)后實(shí)驗(yàn)組肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣量、第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率均高于參照組,兩者差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2? 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治療后生存率比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者存活37例,占比97.37%;參照組患者存活30例,占比78.95%。對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組與參照組慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療后生存率情況(χ2=6.176,P=0.013),實(shí)驗(yàn)組慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療后生存率(97.37%)顯著高于參照組(78.95%),組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.3? 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治療經(jīng)濟(jì)性相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)為(17.41±7.95)d,參照組為(24.96±9.03)d(t=3.868,P=0.000);實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院花費(fèi)為(1.53±0.64)萬(wàn)元,參照組為(2.43±0.82)萬(wàn)元(t=5.333,P=0.000)。對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組與參照組慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療經(jīng)濟(jì)性相關(guān)指標(biāo)情況,實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)短于參照組,與參照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組住院花費(fèi)較少,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
3? 討論
慢性阻塞性肺疾病是呼吸系統(tǒng)常見(jiàn)疾病,該病臨床表現(xiàn)為咳嗽、喘息、呼吸困難等癥狀,該病患者急性發(fā)作期間呼吸功能進(jìn)一步下降,入院治療對(duì)患者家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)造成嚴(yán)重影響[8]。該研究針對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者應(yīng)用個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)形式,給予患者呼吸訓(xùn)練、心理護(hù)理及不良習(xí)慣干預(yù)等方式,通過(guò)患者全面護(hù)理,從而提高其心理、情緒狀態(tài),提升患者臨床治療效果,并能夠增強(qiáng)其體質(zhì),促進(jìn)患者肺功能有所恢復(fù),改善其呼吸效率[9]。另外,應(yīng)用個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)形式基于對(duì)患者實(shí)際情況的全面了解,根據(jù)患者情況給予其針對(duì)性護(hù)理,尤其是在心理護(hù)理及呼吸訓(xùn)練方面,可為患者建立健康檔案,按照患者客觀情況對(duì)其實(shí)施綜合護(hù)理干預(yù),從而改善患者臨床癥狀,使其對(duì)疾病的耐受力有所增強(qiáng)。同時(shí),針對(duì)患者實(shí)施個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)模式,患者住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)較短,能夠極大程度上降低患者治療費(fèi)用,緩解患者家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。徐亞琴[10]選取47例患者進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,其中干預(yù)組行個(gè)性護(hù)理干預(yù),常規(guī)組行傳統(tǒng)護(hù)理形式,其結(jié)果顯示,干預(yù)組肺活量(2.27±0.17)L、常規(guī)組(1.73±0.22)L;干預(yù)組第1秒用力呼氣量(1.69±0.15)L、常規(guī)組(1.33±0.19)L;干預(yù)組第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率(68.53±5.16)%;參照組(53.72±5.03)%。上述研究結(jié)果與該文具有一致性,實(shí)驗(yàn)組干預(yù)后肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣量、第1秒用力呼氣量占肺活量比率分別為(2.31±0.14)L、(1.78±0.18)L、(69.75±4.74)%;參照組干預(yù)后分別為(1.81±0.27)L、(1.42±0.27)L、(55.95±4.71)%。表明個(gè)體化護(hù)理干預(yù)在慢阻肺治療期間效果顯著。
綜上所述,該研究結(jié)果顯示,應(yīng)用個(gè)體化護(hù)理模式后,患者肺功能得以顯著改善,其生存率較高,患者住院時(shí)長(zhǎng)短,因此其住院花費(fèi)水平較低。因此,個(gè)性化護(hù)理干預(yù)形式具有臨床推廣及應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
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(收稿日期:2019-06-28)