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重金屬耦合劑(乙二胺四乙酸和檸檬酸鈉)與抗氧化劑(硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿)對(duì)小鼠卵子數(shù)目、線粒體的影響

2020-06-08 10:39馬天仲牛艷茹韋冰
關(guān)鍵詞:抗氧化劑線粒體

馬天仲 牛艷茹 韋冰

【摘要】 目的:探討分析小鼠卵子數(shù)目和線粒體活性受重金屬耦合劑(乙二胺四乙酸和檸檬酸鈉)與抗氧化劑(硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿)的影響。方法:研究對(duì)象選定為148只G57BL/6雌性小鼠,因在飼養(yǎng)期間發(fā)生互咬等正常死亡,最終參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的小鼠共144只。依據(jù)隨機(jī)分組方式將144只小鼠為四組,每組各36只。使用重金屬耦合劑(乙二胺四乙酸和檸檬酸鈉)的小鼠為重金屬組,使用抗氧化劑(硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿)的小鼠為抗氧化組,使用重金屬耦合劑與抗氧化劑小鼠為混合組,未使用兩種試劑的小鼠為對(duì)照組。雌性小鼠飼養(yǎng)3、6、9、12個(gè)月后,對(duì)比分析四組研究對(duì)象的線粒體和卵子數(shù)目的各項(xiàng)臨床指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:四組研究小鼠飼養(yǎng)3、6個(gè)月線粒體活性比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。四組研究小鼠的卵子在3、6個(gè)月的線粒體活性均明顯高于9個(gè)月,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。抗氧化組與混合組在9個(gè)月后的線粒體活性均明顯高于重金屬組與對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組在3個(gè)月時(shí)的卵子數(shù)目明顯均低于其他三組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??寡趸M與混合組在6、9個(gè)月的卵子數(shù)目均明顯高于重金屬組與對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??寡趸M與混合組、重金屬組與對(duì)照組在6、9、12個(gè)月時(shí)卵子數(shù)目比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:隨年齡增長(zhǎng),小鼠卵子的線粒體活性降低,卵子數(shù)目減少。小鼠攝入適量抗氧化劑硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿,可延緩卵母細(xì)胞老化。對(duì)人類的抗卵子老化有一定的參考價(jià)值。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 重金屬耦合劑 卵子數(shù)目 紡錘體老化 抗氧化劑 線粒體

Effects of Heavy Metal Coupling Agents (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Sodium Citrate) and Antioxidants (Lipoic Acid and Acetylcarnitine) on the Number of Eggs and Mitochondria in Mice/MA Tianzhong, NIU Yanru, WEI Bing. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(13): 0-019

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of heavy metal couplants (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Sodium Citrate) and Antioxidants (Lipoic Acid and Acetylcarnitine) on the number of eggs and mitochondrial activity in mice. Method: A total of 148 female mice of G57BL/6 were selected for the study. 144 mice were finally involved in the experiment due to normal death such as biting each other during the feeding period. 144 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, 36 mice in each group, the heavy metal couplants group (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Sodium Citrate), the antioxidants group (Lipoic Acid and Acetylcarnitine), the heavy metal couplants and antioxidants group, that did not use the two reagents in the experiment was the control group. After 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, the clinical indexes of mitochondria and egg number of four groups were compared and analyzed. Result: There were no significant differences in mitochondrial activity among the four groups after 3 and 6 months (P>0.05). After 3 and 6 months, the activity of mitochondria in the eggs of the four groups were significantly higher than those of 9 months (P<0.05). After 9 months, the activity of mitochondria in antioxidant group and mixed group were significantly higher than those in heavy metal group and control group (P<0.05). The number of eggs in the control group were significantly lower than those in the other three groups at 3 months (P<0.05). The number of eggs at 6 and 9 months in antioxidant group and mixed group were significantly higher than those of heavy metal group and control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of eggs between antioxidant group and mixed group, heavy metal group and control group at 6, 9 and 12 months (P>0.05). Conclusion: With the increase of age, the mitochondrial activity and the number of eggs decreased. The aging of oocytes could be delayed by appropriate intake of lipoic acid and acetylcarnitine. It has a certain reference value for human anti egg aging.

[Key words] Heavy metal couplant Egg number Spindle aging Antioxidant Mitochondria

First-authors address: Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.13.004

反復(fù)性流產(chǎn)(recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA)和反復(fù)種植失?。╮epeated implantation failure,RIF)共同的特點(diǎn)都表現(xiàn)為早期流產(chǎn),二者是生殖醫(yī)學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn),一直備受臨床醫(yī)師關(guān)注[1-3]。RSA和RIF嚴(yán)重影響育齡夫婦的生育力,極大損害婦女的身體健康,隨著流產(chǎn)次數(shù)的不斷增加使其對(duì)流產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生極度的恐懼[4-5]。因此探究非整倍體在早期流產(chǎn)發(fā)生機(jī)制,能為診治反復(fù)早期流產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù),為患者提供合理可靠的生育指導(dǎo)依據(jù)[6]。反復(fù)性流產(chǎn)和反復(fù)種植失敗,50%~80%的胚胎染色體異常,均以非整倍體為主[7]。非整倍體即染色體數(shù)目異常,是指細(xì)胞中染色體的數(shù)目不是該物種正常精子或卵子中染色體數(shù)目的整數(shù)倍。隨著女性年齡增大,其體內(nèi)保障染色體精確分離的保護(hù)機(jī)制如紡錘體裝配檢驗(yàn)點(diǎn)(Spindle Assembly Checkpoint,SAC)被“磨損”削弱,而最終導(dǎo)致減數(shù)分裂時(shí)染色體分離異常[8]。目前卵子染色體產(chǎn)生異常的因素還沒(méi)有探究清楚,但染色體產(chǎn)生異常分裂的重要因素之一是細(xì)胞的氧化應(yīng)激,細(xì)胞的氧化應(yīng)激可由重金屬造成,卵子內(nèi)抗氧化劑與活性氧的含量可造成卵子非整倍體的出現(xiàn)。本文研究探討了小鼠卵子數(shù)目和線粒體活性受重金屬耦合劑(乙二胺四乙酸和檸檬酸鈉)與抗氧化劑(硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿)的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料 研究對(duì)象選定為144只G57BL/6雌性小鼠,實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間為2018年1月-2019年1月,依據(jù)隨機(jī)分組方式分為四組,每組各36只。實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用重金屬耦合劑的小鼠為重金屬組,使用抗氧化劑的小鼠為抗氧化組,使用重金屬耦合劑與抗氧化劑的小鼠為混合組,未使用兩種試劑的小鼠為對(duì)照組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):均滿3周齡,且剛剛斷乳。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):在飼養(yǎng)期間發(fā)生互咬等正常死亡的小鼠,小鼠卵子數(shù)目與線粒體膜電位在實(shí)驗(yàn)前出現(xiàn)異常。

1.2 方法 將所有研究小鼠放在相同的研究室不同籠子內(nèi)培養(yǎng),可自由飲水與覓食,保證每天光照射12 h,設(shè)置研究室的溫度為(23±2)℃,濕度保證為40%~60%。將四組研究小鼠進(jìn)一步平均分為四小組,每小組9只小鼠在不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)。重金屬組:將0.3 mmol/L的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA,Sigma公司)和0.15 mmol/L檸檬酸鈉(Sigma公司)加入在小鼠的日常飲用水中;抗氧化組:將40 mg/L硫辛酸和100 mg/L乙酰肉堿(GNC公司)加入在小鼠的日常飲用水中;混合組:將重金屬耦合劑和抗氧化劑同時(shí)加入在小鼠的日常飲用水中;對(duì)照組:使小鼠只引用普通飲用水。實(shí)驗(yàn)所用飲用水是經(jīng)過(guò)濾滅菌的普通自來(lái)水,進(jìn)行3、6、9、12個(gè)月的飼養(yǎng),卵子實(shí)驗(yàn)是不同研究組不同時(shí)間階段選的9只小鼠,在實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

1.3 檢測(cè)成熟卵母細(xì)胞的線粒體膜電位變化 依據(jù)Sigma公司試劑盒操作說(shuō)明應(yīng)用線粒體膜電位檢測(cè)試劑盒,按照1×染色緩沖工作液比例配比純水與染色體緩沖液,并與200×JC-1儲(chǔ)存液混勻,將水浴箱溫度設(shè)置為37 ℃,把混合液放入箱內(nèi)預(yù)熱。制作液滴,共使用1×染色緩沖工作液50 mL,在其表面蓋滿礦物油,將培養(yǎng)箱溫度設(shè)置為37 ℃,進(jìn)行預(yù)熱,混合2~3只小鼠的卵子,在MⅡ期卵子中隨機(jī)抽取15~20個(gè),放入液滴中。將培養(yǎng)箱的溫度與體積分?jǐn)?shù)設(shè)置為37 ℃、5%CO2,放入20~25 min,進(jìn)行中孵育,洗滌2~3次在孵育完成后。采用Image J進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。

1.4 收集卵子 完成各階段的飼養(yǎng)后,將10 IU孕馬血清(寧波第二激素廠)注入小鼠腹腔,再將10 IU人絨毛膜促性腺激素(寧波第二激素廠)在46~48 h后注入腹腔,期間正常喂予對(duì)應(yīng)飲用水。12~13 h后處死,打開(kāi)腹腔后剪取雙側(cè)輸卵管,并分離其他組織,馬上放入自配培養(yǎng)液中。清洗3次,將輸卵管的膨大部撕開(kāi)在顯微鏡下與鑷子的作用下,用培養(yǎng)液清洗卵丘-卵母細(xì)胞復(fù)合體2次,將透明質(zhì)酸酶(Vitrolife公司)稀釋為1︰9的溶液,MⅡ期裸卵在清除顆粒細(xì)胞后得到,再次清洗3次應(yīng)用培養(yǎng)液,計(jì)算卵子數(shù)目在新的培養(yǎng)液液滴內(nèi)。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析處理,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,比較并采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 四組檢測(cè)卵母細(xì)胞的線粒體膜電位強(qiáng)度比

較 四組研究小鼠飼養(yǎng)3、6個(gè)月線粒體活性比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。四組研究小鼠的卵子在3、6個(gè)月的線粒體活性均明顯高于9個(gè)月,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??寡趸M與混合組在9個(gè)月后的線粒體活性均明顯高于重金屬組與對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 四組不同時(shí)間段的卵子數(shù)目比較 對(duì)照組在3個(gè)月時(shí)的卵子數(shù)目均明顯低于其他三組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。抗氧化組與混合組在6、9個(gè)月的卵子數(shù)目均明顯高于重金屬組與對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。抗氧化組與混合組、重金屬組與對(duì)照組在6、9、12個(gè)月時(shí)卵子數(shù)目比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

3 討論

反復(fù)性流產(chǎn)(RSA)和反復(fù)種植失?。≧IF)共同的特點(diǎn)都表現(xiàn)為早期流產(chǎn),二者是生殖醫(yī)學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn),一直備受臨床醫(yī)師關(guān)注[9]。RSA和RIF嚴(yán)重影響育齡夫婦的生育力,極大損害婦女身體健康,隨著流產(chǎn)次數(shù)的不斷增加使其對(duì)流產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生極度的恐懼。造成絕經(jīng)、不孕、生殖老化的重要因素是生殖細(xì)胞功能障礙、卵母細(xì)胞老化[10-11]。本文探討分析小鼠卵子數(shù)目、線粒體和紡錘體老化受重金屬耦合劑(乙二胺四乙酸和檸檬酸鈉)與抗氧化劑(硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿)的影響。

本研究中顯示,四組研究小鼠在被飼養(yǎng)3、

6個(gè)月的期間中線粒體活性比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。四組研究小鼠的卵子3、6個(gè)月線粒體活性均明顯高于9個(gè)月,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??寡趸M與混合組在9個(gè)月后的線粒體活性均明顯高于重金屬組與對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組在3個(gè)月時(shí)的卵子數(shù)目均明顯低于其他三組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??寡趸M與混合組在6、9個(gè)月的卵子數(shù)目均明顯高于重金屬組與對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。抗氧化組與混合組、重金屬組與對(duì)照組在6、9、12個(gè)月時(shí)卵子數(shù)目比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。這提示了使用抗氧化劑可以減慢線粒體活性降低,維持紡錘體的正常形態(tài),增加卵母細(xì)胞的數(shù)量[12-13]。抗氧化組效果之所以優(yōu)越,是因?yàn)槠淇裳泳徛涯讣?xì)胞的一系列老化,而其他組效果之所以欠缺,是因?yàn)槲匆?jiàn)其有與抗氧化組相同的作用效果[14-15]。

綜上所述,隨年齡增長(zhǎng)小鼠卵子的線粒體活性降低,卵子數(shù)目減少。小鼠攝入適量抗氧化劑硫辛酸和乙酰肉堿,可以減慢線粒體活性降低,增加卵母細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,延緩卵母細(xì)胞老化。對(duì)人類的抗卵子老化有一定的參考意義,有待進(jìn)一步研究。

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(收稿日期:2019-10-29) (本文編輯:周亞杰)

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