趙國龍
摘 ?要:機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)是介紹機(jī)械制造業(yè)中所必需的基本原理和方法、基礎(chǔ)知識和技能、基本工藝和裝備等的課程,具有很強(qiáng)的綜合性、實踐性和靈活性,是機(jī)械類和近機(jī)械類本科生及工程技術(shù)人員的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課。文章在分析了目前機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程的教學(xué)特點和教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和積極性為目標(biāo),提出了引導(dǎo)式教學(xué)方法,提高了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情;提出了教-學(xué)-實踐一體化教學(xué)模式,教學(xué)與實踐交替進(jìn)行,增強(qiáng)了教學(xué)的直觀性,提高了學(xué)生的實踐能力;與時俱進(jìn),不斷更新教學(xué)內(nèi)容,將學(xué)科前沿融入教案,將科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化為課件,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新思維;注重學(xué)科交叉,拓寬學(xué)生的認(rèn)知面,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的發(fā)散思維,推進(jìn)學(xué)生全面發(fā)展,取得了良好的教學(xué)效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ);引導(dǎo)式教學(xué);一體化教學(xué)模式;創(chuàng)新能力培養(yǎng)
中圖分類號:G642 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A ? ? ? ? ?文章編號:2096-000X(2021)22-0047-04
Abstract: Mechanical Manufacturing Technology Foundation is a course that introduces the basic principles and methods, basic knowledge and skills, basic process and equipment, etc. in the manufacturing industry. It is a technical basic course for mechanical and near mechanical undergraduates and engineering technicians with characteristics of strong comprehensiveness, practicality and flexibility. Based on the state-of-the-art of the characteristics and current situation in teaching this course, in order to cultivate students' learning interest and enthusiasm, this paper proposes the inductive teaching method. It also proposes a teaching mode named integration of teaching-learning-practice in which teaching and practice are carried out alternately, which enhances the intuitiveness of teaching and improves the students' practice ability. This paper suggests the teaching content should be updated constantly to keep its advancement, and integrate the frontier as well as the scientific research achievements into the teaching content to stimulate students' creative thinking. It advises teachers to pay attention to the interdisciplinary in order to broaden the students' knowledge horizon and promote the overall development of students, and achieve significant teaching results.
Keywords: Mechanical Manufacturing Technology Foundation; inductive teaching method; integrated teaching mode; innovation ability cultivation
制造業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),機(jī)械制造業(yè)是制造業(yè)的重中之重。機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)是機(jī)械制造基礎(chǔ)知識、基本理論和基本方法的概括和總結(jié),該課程是機(jī)械專業(yè)和近機(jī)械類專業(yè)的一門專業(yè)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程,是機(jī)械類和近機(jī)械類專業(yè)本科生、研究生和工程技術(shù)人員,以及機(jī)械制造領(lǐng)域的管理人才等的必修主干核心課程之一[1]。機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析和解決實際機(jī)械制造工程問題的基本能力,使學(xué)生對機(jī)械加工的發(fā)展趨勢和成果有了初步的了解,對機(jī)械制造技術(shù)有一個總體的了解和把握,理解機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的基本原理,掌握機(jī)械加工過程的基本規(guī)律和基本知識,提出解決現(xiàn)場工藝問題的方法。
機(jī)械制造技術(shù)擁有悠久的歷史,其進(jìn)步史與人類社會的發(fā)展史密不可分,經(jīng)歷了漫長的發(fā)展歷程,且隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的發(fā)展而不斷前進(jìn)[2]。因此本門課程內(nèi)容豐富,涵蓋了金屬切削原理、機(jī)械加工技術(shù)、機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)和機(jī)械裝配技術(shù)等。由于社會的發(fā)展,新材料、新產(chǎn)品、新結(jié)構(gòu)等不斷涌現(xiàn),對機(jī)械制造技術(shù)不斷提出新的需求,促進(jìn)了新的制造原理、技術(shù)和方法的持續(xù)誕生、成長和成熟,如新材料技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動化技術(shù)等的發(fā)展促成了智能制造技術(shù)的誕生,并引導(dǎo)制造業(yè)發(fā)展方向。相反,由于機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,新的加工方法和原理等不斷涌現(xiàn),從而在質(zhì)量、效率、成本等方面拓展了人類發(fā)明和生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)品的能力,豐富了人類社會的物質(zhì)生活,推動了科學(xué)技術(shù)的整體發(fā)展。