李夢(mèng)醒 彭韶
[摘要] 目的 探討系統(tǒng)性免疫指數(shù)(SII)、中性粒細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)、血小板淋巴細(xì)胞比值(PLR)對(duì)川崎病(KD)患兒靜脈注射免疫球蛋白(IVIg)敏感性的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。方法? 回顧性分析2019年9月至2021年7月鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院收治的115例首診KD患兒的完整臨床資料,根據(jù)靜脈注射免疫球蛋白敏感性分為IVIg敏感組和IVIg不敏感組,收集KD患兒靜脈注射免疫球蛋白前發(fā)熱天數(shù)、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)、血沉(ESR)、C-反應(yīng)蛋白,并計(jì)算中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)×(血小板計(jì)數(shù)/淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù))(SII)、中性粒細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞比值、血小板淋巴細(xì)胞比值。結(jié)果 與IVIg敏感組相比,IVIg不敏感組NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白水平較高,IVIg不敏感組PLT值、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、發(fā)熱天數(shù)水平較低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),IVIg不敏感組PLR、SII值較IVIg敏感組低,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白、PLT最佳截留點(diǎn)分別為5.075、80.485 mg/L、347×109/L。經(jīng)多因素logistic回歸分析顯示,NLR、CRP水平升高,PLT水平降低,分別為KD患兒靜脈注射免疫球蛋白敏感性的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論 NLR對(duì) KD患兒靜脈注射免疫球蛋白敏感性的預(yù)測(cè)性能更穩(wěn)定,PLR、SII對(duì)KD患兒靜脈注射免疫球蛋白敏感性的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值需要進(jìn)一步探討。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 川崎病;系統(tǒng)免疫指數(shù);中性粒細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞比值;血小板淋巴細(xì)胞比值;免疫球蛋白
[中圖分類號(hào)] R725.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2022)11-0069-04
[Abstract] Objective? To explore the predictive values of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in sensitivity to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods? The complete clinical data of 115 children with KD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the sensitivity to intravenous immunoglobulin, they were divided into the intravenous immunoglobulin sensitive group and the intravenous immunoglobulin non-sensitive group. The number of fever days, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein values before intravenous immunoglobulin injection were collected in the intravenous immunoglobulin sensitive group. The SII (neutrophil count×platelet count/lymphocyte count), NLR, and PLR were calculated. Results Compared with the intravenous immunoglobulin sensitive group, the intravenous immunoglobulin insensitive group had higher levels of NLR and CRP.? The PLT value, lymphocyte count, and number of fever days in the intravenous immunoglobulin insensitive group were lower than those in the intravenous immunoglobulin non-insensitive group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The PLR and SII values in the intravenous immunoglobulin non-insensitive group were lower than those in the intravenous immunoglobulin sensitive group, without statistically significant differences (P>0.05). The best cut-off points for NLR, CRP, and PLT values were 5.075, 80.485 mg/L, and 347×109/L, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that increased level of NLR and CRP and decreased level of PLT were independent risk factors for the sensitivity to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with KD. Conclusion NLR has a more stable predictive performance in the sensitivity to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with KD. The predictive values of PLR and SII in the sensitivity to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with KD need to be further explored.2A8C9683-8A9E-46B4-8DE6-41F3EACD5843
[Key words] Kawasaki disease; Systemic immune-inflammation index; Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; Immunoglobulin
川崎?。↘awasaki disease,KD),又稱皮膚黏膜淋巴結(jié)綜合征,是以全身性中、小動(dòng)脈炎癥病變?yōu)橹饕±硖卣鞯囊环N免疫系統(tǒng)疾病,主要發(fā)生在5歲以下兒童和嬰幼兒。川崎病的心臟后遺癥是造成KD患兒死亡的主要原因[1]。在疾病早期及時(shí)應(yīng)用靜脈注射免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIg)治療可將冠狀動(dòng)脈瘤的發(fā)生率從25%降低到4%[2]。但仍有10%~20%的KD患兒在IVIg后仍持續(xù)存在反復(fù)發(fā)熱的情況,稱為靜脈注射免疫球蛋白不敏感[3]。大量研究表明,IVIg不敏感KD患兒發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈損害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較IVIg敏感患兒明顯升高[4]。所以早期識(shí)別IVIg不敏感KD,并及時(shí)調(diào)整治療方案,對(duì)改善KD患兒預(yù)后十分重要。中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞、血小板是炎癥經(jīng)典指標(biāo),但單一的炎癥參數(shù)很容易相互影響。因此,中性粒細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞比率(NLR)、血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比率(PLR)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)×(中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)/淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù))(SII)的整合信息更有利評(píng)估炎癥和免疫狀態(tài)[5-6]。目前大量研究表明,PLR、NLR、SII在評(píng)估癌癥預(yù)后與IVIg敏感度及冠狀動(dòng)脈損傷方面有著更良好的預(yù)測(cè)性能[7-8]。本文主要通過(guò)回顧性分析鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院兒科115例首診KD患兒的實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo),研究SII、NLR、PLR對(duì)KD患兒IVIg不敏感的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,從而進(jìn)行早期干預(yù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2019年9月至2021年7月鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院收治的115例首診KD患兒的完整臨床資料,患兒入院前未IVIg。所有研究對(duì)象均滿足2004年美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)(AHA)制定的KD診斷科學(xué)報(bào)告[9]中KD的臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。IVIg不敏感川崎病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):首次IVIg治療36 h后體溫仍超過(guò)38℃或退熱2~7 d后再出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱并伴隨至少一項(xiàng)川崎病主要癥狀特征定義為IVIg不敏感[10]。其中IVIg敏感KD患兒(IVIg敏感組)84例, IVIg不敏感KD患兒(IVIg不敏感組)31例。所有患兒均發(fā)熱10 d內(nèi)接受IVIg。
1.2 方法
收集未靜脈注射免疫球蛋白KD患兒入院次天晨起抽血檢測(cè)的白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)、中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(N)、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(L)、血小板計(jì)數(shù)(PLT)、血沉 (ESR)、C-反應(yīng)蛋白結(jié)果,并計(jì)算SII、NLR、PLR。同時(shí)收集KD患兒的性別、年齡、發(fā)熱天數(shù)、病程8周內(nèi)患兒的心臟彩超結(jié)果等一般資料。根據(jù)其IVIg敏感性分為IVIg敏感組和IVIg不敏感組,分別進(jìn)行單因素分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,篩選出差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo),然后進(jìn)行單因素logistic回歸分析危險(xiǎn)因素,并應(yīng)用ROC曲線評(píng)價(jià)其預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以[M(P25,P75)]表示,組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。在對(duì)KD患兒IVIg敏感度分析中有顯著差異的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查指標(biāo)行單因素logistic回歸分析,分析IVIg敏感性的影響因素;對(duì)單因素logistic回歸分析中P<0.05的指標(biāo)構(gòu)建ROC曲線,確定截?cái)嘀?、ROC曲線下面積(AUC)敏感度、特異度。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患兒一般資料比較
共收集115例首診KD患兒的完整臨床資料,84例對(duì)IVIg敏感,31例對(duì)IVIg不敏感, IVIg敏感組中男51例(60.7%),女33例(39.3%),中位數(shù)月齡28.5個(gè)月。IVIg不敏感組男21例(67.7%),女10例(32.3%),中位數(shù)月齡27個(gè)月。兩組KD患兒的性別、月齡比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。與IVIg敏感組KD患兒相比,IVIg不敏感組KD患兒初始靜脈注射免疫球蛋白前發(fā)熱天數(shù)更短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組患兒臨床資料比較
與IVIg敏感組相比,IVIg不敏感組NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白值均較高,IVIg不敏感組PLT、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、發(fā)熱天數(shù)較IVIg敏感組低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05); 診斷KD前白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、ESR、SII、PLR組間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 影響KD患兒IVIg敏感性的影響因素分析
logistic回歸分析顯示,NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白、PLT的回歸系數(shù)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,發(fā)熱天數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的回歸系數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白、PLT的OR值分別為1.169、1.008、0.996,NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白的OR值大于1,PLT的OR值小于1,說(shuō)明NLR、C-反應(yīng)蛋白升高是KD患兒IVIg不敏感的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,PLT水平降低是預(yù)測(cè)IVIg不敏感的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。見(jiàn)表2~3。
2.4 各臨床指標(biāo)對(duì)KD患兒IVIg敏感性的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值
根據(jù)ROC曲線,靜脈注射免疫球蛋白前PLT對(duì)IVIg敏感的最佳預(yù)測(cè)值是347×109/L,曲線下面積為0.679,敏感度為58.3%,特異度為77.4%;NLR對(duì)IVIg敏感的最佳預(yù)測(cè)值為5.075,曲線下面積為0.679,敏感度為51.6%,特異度為84.5%;C-反應(yīng)蛋白對(duì)IVIg敏感的最佳預(yù)測(cè)值為80.485 mg/L,曲線下面積為0.652,敏感度為67.7%,特異度為58.3%。見(jiàn)表4。2A8C9683-8A9E-46B4-8DE6-41F3EACD5843
3 討論
IVIg敏感性預(yù)測(cè)是KD研究的熱點(diǎn),早期識(shí)別IVIg不敏感KD患兒并及時(shí)給予強(qiáng)化治療可改善KD患兒預(yù)后。NLR、PLR、SII作為炎癥和免疫激活的標(biāo)志物,已被證實(shí)在評(píng)估癌癥預(yù)后與冠狀動(dòng)脈損傷方面有著良好的預(yù)測(cè)性能。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng) NLR>5.075、C-反應(yīng)蛋白>80.485 mg/L、PLT<347×109/L時(shí)應(yīng)警惕IVIg不敏感。SII、PLR組間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。作為炎癥和免疫激活的標(biāo)志物,NLR升高預(yù)示著嚴(yán)重炎癥反應(yīng),與KD早期急性炎癥反應(yīng)過(guò)程中中性粒細(xì)胞增多和淋巴細(xì)胞減少相符[11]。Ha 等[12]研究表明,IVIg不敏感組的NLR高于IVIg敏感組。靜脈注射免疫球蛋白前急性發(fā)熱期IVIg不敏感組的NLR值為5.49,與本研究結(jié)果相符。 Liu等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NLR和PLR是KD患者IVIg不敏感的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,但敏感度和特異度中等, 預(yù)測(cè)IVIg敏感性效能欠佳。Kawamura等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn),NLR≥3.83和PLR≥150×109/L的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)KD患者IVIg敏感性的預(yù)測(cè)效果較好。本研究結(jié)果顯示,IVIg敏感組與IVIg不敏感組PLR比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。重癥KD患兒血小板計(jì)數(shù)呈下降趨勢(shì)[15-16]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,IVIg不敏感組的血小板計(jì)數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)低于IVIg敏感組,但淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)下調(diào)組間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),IVIg不敏感組與IVIg敏感組PLT比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),與Kawamura等[14]研究結(jié)果不符。所以在靜脈注射免疫球蛋白前NLR對(duì)KD患兒IVIg不敏感的預(yù)測(cè)能力較PLR更有意義。SII是一種融合淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞和血小板計(jì)數(shù)信息的綜合性炎癥指標(biāo),較高的SII比NLR和PLR更能反映疾病的炎癥狀態(tài)和免疫平衡[17-19]。Liu等[20]發(fā)現(xiàn),IVIg不敏感 KD患兒的SII顯著升高,但對(duì)于有血小板減少的KD患兒,IVIg不敏感組與IVIg敏感組的SII比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究并未發(fā)現(xiàn)兩組間SII比較有顯著差異。本研究中IVIg不敏感組的血小板計(jì)數(shù)低于IVIg敏感組,而IVIg不敏感組的NLR高于IVIg敏感組,SII作為兩者的綜合炎癥指標(biāo),相互影響,導(dǎo)致兩組間SII的差異縮?。≒>0.05)。因此,NLR對(duì) KD患兒靜脈注射免疫球蛋白敏感性的預(yù)測(cè)性能較PLR、SII更穩(wěn)定。
綜上所述,當(dāng)KD患兒NLR>5.075、C-反應(yīng)蛋白>80.485 mg/L、PLT<347×109/L時(shí)應(yīng)警惕初始劑量IVIg治療可能不敏感。但本研究為單中心研究,KD患兒115例,均是在發(fā)熱10 d內(nèi)接受IVIg(1 g/kg)治療的初治KD患兒,可能選擇偏倚,存在一定的局限性,因此,需要更大規(guī)模的多中心研究建立IVIg敏感性和KD患兒之間關(guān)系的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。
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(收稿日期:2021-10-08)2A8C9683-8A9E-46B4-8DE6-41F3EACD5843