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手術(shù)室護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者切口愈合效果及并發(fā)癥的影響分析

2023-09-25 13:05吳偉情
婚育與健康 2023年15期
關(guān)鍵詞:手術(shù)室護(hù)理影響分析護(hù)理干預(yù)

吳偉情

【摘要】目的:探討手術(shù)室護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者切口愈合效果及并發(fā)癥的影響。方法:將在我院收治的剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者納入此次研究,收治時(shí)間為2021年4月—2022年12月,根據(jù)收治時(shí)間順序隨機(jī)抽取104例,并按照數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)劃分為對(duì)照組與觀(guān)察組,納入對(duì)照組的52例患者進(jìn)行常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù)模式,納入觀(guān)察組的52例則進(jìn)行手術(shù)室護(hù)理干預(yù)模式,觀(guān)察兩組患者的切口愈合效果與并發(fā)癥現(xiàn)象,并計(jì)算并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。結(jié)果:經(jīng)觀(guān)察兩組患者切口愈合情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)觀(guān)察組患者切口愈合總有效率為92.31%(48例),顯著高于對(duì)照組的76.92%(40例)(P<0.05);根據(jù)并發(fā)癥情況統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)觀(guān)察組檢測(cè)值為5例(9.62%),顯著低于對(duì)照組的13例(25.00%)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者的治療中,實(shí)施積極有效的手術(shù)室護(hù)理干預(yù),不僅可提高患者切口愈合效果,臨床療效顯著,同時(shí)還可降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,具有重要的臨床價(jià)值,值得大力推廣與借鑒。

【關(guān)鍵詞】手術(shù)室護(hù)理;護(hù)理干預(yù);剖宮產(chǎn);手術(shù);切口愈合;并發(fā)癥;影響分析

Analysis of the Impact of Nursing Intervention in Operating Room on the Wound Healing Effect and Complications of Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section

WU Weiqing

The Second Peoples Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China

【Abstract】Objective:To explore the influence of nursing intervention in operating room on the wound healing effect and complications of patients undergoing cesarean section.Methods:Patients who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from April2021 to December 2022 were included in this study.104 patients were randomly selected according to the time sequence of admission,and they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the numerical table method.52 patients in the control group received routine nursing intervention mode,while 52 patients in the observation group received operating room nursing intervention mode.The wound healing effect and complications of the two groups were observed,and the incidence of complications was calculated.Results:After observing the wound healing of the two groups,it was found that the total effective rate of wound healing in the observation group was 92.31%(48 cases),which was significantly higher than 76.92% in the control group (40 cases)(P<0.05);According to the statistical results of complications in the two groups,it was found that there were 5 patients with complications in the observation group,accounting for 9.62%,and 13 patients with complications in the control group, accounting for 25.00%,the incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the treatment of patients undergoing cesarean section,implementing active and effective nursing interventions in the operating room can not only improve the wound healing effect of patients,with significant clinical efficacy,but also reduce the incidence of complications.It has important clinical value and is worth vigorously promoting and learning from.

【Key Words】Operating room nursing; Nursing intervention; Cesarean section; Operating; Would healing; Complications; Impact analysis

剖宮產(chǎn)是外科中常見(jiàn)且重要的手術(shù)助產(chǎn)方式,其手術(shù)原理是通過(guò)切開(kāi)孕產(chǎn)婦的腹部及子宮以幫助分娩出嬰兒,為了避免陰道自然分娩可能對(duì)母嬰健康帶來(lái)的損害,很多孕產(chǎn)婦會(huì)選擇剖宮產(chǎn)的方式,而且剖宮產(chǎn)可以在很大程度上幫助減輕孕產(chǎn)婦的生理痛感[1-2],近年來(lái)在臨床上越來(lái)越受歡迎。剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)療效佳、安全性高,但其對(duì)孕產(chǎn)婦的機(jī)體還是存在不同程度的傷害,如果不及時(shí)進(jìn)行護(hù)理干預(yù),或者護(hù)理不當(dāng),很容易引起術(shù)中大出血、感染以及損傷腹部?jī)?nèi)其他器官等現(xiàn)象,術(shù)后還可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)惡心嘔吐、尿潴留、心血管、呼吸系統(tǒng)等并發(fā)癥[3-4]。所以,如何做好剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者的護(hù)理,幫助預(yù)防術(shù)后并發(fā)癥、提高整體手術(shù)療效是目前臨床上研究的重要課題[5-6],本文便是以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn)展開(kāi)研究與回顧,通過(guò)選取我院收治的剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者為研究對(duì)象,按照落實(shí)護(hù)理措施的不同劃分為兩組,旨在探討手術(shù)室護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者切口愈合效果及并發(fā)癥的影響,相關(guān)報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

將在我院收治的剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者納入此次研究,收治時(shí)間為2021年4月—2022年12月,根據(jù)收治時(shí)間順序隨機(jī)抽取104例,并按照數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)劃分為對(duì)照組與觀(guān)察組。對(duì)照組52例,年齡22~39歲,平均年齡(27.94±2.85)歲,孕周36~39周,平均孕周(37.34±0.76)周;觀(guān)察組52例,年齡23~38歲,平均年齡(28.34±2.65)歲,孕周37~40周,平均孕周(38.05±0.55)周。以上兩組孕產(chǎn)婦的一般資料經(jīng)錄入SPSS 22.0系統(tǒng)處理與分析,組間具有可比性,P>0.05。

1.2 方法

兩種患者均從以下方面展開(kāi)常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù)模式,主要包括:入院時(shí)全面評(píng)估孕產(chǎn)婦的心理狀況,根據(jù)評(píng)估結(jié)果展開(kāi)個(gè)體化心理干預(yù),密切關(guān)注孕產(chǎn)婦的情緒狀態(tài),如出現(xiàn)焦慮、恐慌、抑郁等多種負(fù)性情緒時(shí)及時(shí)疏導(dǎo),耐心地與孕產(chǎn)婦溝通與交流,讓她們保持積極樂(lè)觀(guān)的態(tài)度[7]。

實(shí)驗(yàn)組在實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù)措施的基礎(chǔ)上,再結(jié)合手術(shù)室護(hù)理干預(yù),主要方案為:(1)術(shù)前護(hù)理:搜集孕產(chǎn)婦的基本信息并詳細(xì)了解其的既往史,根據(jù)不同孕產(chǎn)婦情況展開(kāi)健康教育工作,通過(guò)視頻教學(xué)、講座訪(fǎng)談、制定手冊(cè)等多種方式提高孕產(chǎn)婦對(duì)剖宮產(chǎn)的知識(shí)普及度,為孕產(chǎn)婦及家屬講述剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)的具體方式和護(hù)理措施,告知他們?cè)谑中g(shù)過(guò)程中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的不良事件,以及整個(gè)手術(shù)前后需要注意的事項(xiàng)等;術(shù)前,嚴(yán)格掌握孕產(chǎn)婦的手術(shù)適應(yīng)癥,密切關(guān)注其心理狀況,多溝通與開(kāi)導(dǎo)孕產(chǎn)婦,幫助消除緊張、恐懼等不良情緒;安排護(hù)士進(jìn)行優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù),實(shí)行一對(duì)一的陪護(hù)分娩,護(hù)士在術(shù)前協(xié)助孕婦擺正手術(shù)體位,配合麻醉醫(yī)師做好麻醉工作,清潔與消毒患者皮膚,并對(duì)手術(shù)過(guò)程中所需用到的工具和液體進(jìn)行加溫處理。(2)術(shù)中護(hù)理:護(hù)士在手術(shù)過(guò)程中根據(jù)手術(shù)進(jìn)程合理準(zhǔn)確地調(diào)整各個(gè)儀器的參數(shù),密切關(guān)注孕產(chǎn)婦各項(xiàng)體征指標(biāo),及時(shí)調(diào)整輸液速度與劑量,注意孕產(chǎn)婦是否出現(xiàn)低體溫癥、大出血等情況,并做好孕產(chǎn)婦及新生兒的各項(xiàng)突發(fā)狀況的急救準(zhǔn)備;手術(shù)完成后,協(xié)助醫(yī)生完勝傷口縫合、止血、包扎等工作,及時(shí)清理孕產(chǎn)婦身上藥物、體液、血液等,以避免切口感染,正確關(guān)閉并整理各項(xiàng)機(jī)器設(shè)備,并及時(shí)回收至消毒中心,做好消毒滅菌工作。(3)術(shù)后護(hù)理:術(shù)后,密切監(jiān)測(cè)孕產(chǎn)婦及新生兒的生命體征,觀(guān)察各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)是否在正常范圍;在術(shù)后2h內(nèi),對(duì)孕產(chǎn)婦子宮每30min進(jìn)行1次按摩,并用溫水擦拭孕產(chǎn)婦的乳頭,2h后改為1h進(jìn)行1次按摩與擦拭,直至產(chǎn)婦宮縮無(wú)異常情況,將輸液流體調(diào)低至適宜度,減輕孕婦的不適感,觀(guān)察孕婦是否有傷口發(fā)熱、發(fā)紅、腫脹、滲出等不良反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象,做好并發(fā)癥針對(duì)性護(hù)理,如出現(xiàn)惡化、突然性疼痛、全身發(fā)燒等異常情況,及時(shí)告知醫(yī)生進(jìn)行對(duì)癥處理;術(shù)后,要盡早下床活動(dòng),根據(jù)孕產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況,可指導(dǎo)其進(jìn)行適當(dāng)活動(dòng)鍛煉,以促進(jìn)腸蠕動(dòng)與血液循環(huán)。

1.3 觀(guān)察指標(biāo)

(1)切口愈合效果分為顯效、有效、無(wú)效三個(gè)等級(jí),顯效:切口愈合較好,未出現(xiàn)切口感染或其他不良反應(yīng)事件;有效:切口愈合良好,存在血腫、積液等不良反應(yīng)情況,但未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重化膿現(xiàn)象;無(wú)效:切口愈合較差,存在化膿現(xiàn)象,且需要引流切口。切口愈合總有效率=(顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。(2)觀(guān)察統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組患者是否出現(xiàn)惡心嘔吐、切口持續(xù)疼痛、切口感染、尿潴留,以及其他并發(fā)癥情況,并計(jì)算并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。

1.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理

采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者切口愈合效果對(duì)比

經(jīng)觀(guān)察兩組患者切口愈合情況,觀(guān)察組的切口愈合總有效率為92.31%(48例),顯著高于對(duì)照組的76.92%(40例)(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組患者并發(fā)癥情況對(duì)比

經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)觀(guān)察組發(fā)生率為9.62%,低于對(duì)照組的25.00%(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

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