国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)和分子對(duì)接探討丹參治療冠心病和腦卒中的“異病同治”作用機(jī)制研究

2024-04-29 06:31曹唯儀,付藎毅,李睿,程苗苗
關(guān)鍵詞:異病同治網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)腦卒中

曹唯儀,付藎毅,李睿,程苗苗

摘要 目的:基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)及分子對(duì)接方法探討丹參有效成分治療冠心病和腦卒中“異病同治”的作用機(jī)制及關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)。方法:通過中藥系統(tǒng)藥理學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫和分析平臺(tái)(TCMSP)、在線人類孟德爾遺傳數(shù)據(jù)庫(OMIM)、DrugBank等數(shù)據(jù)庫篩選丹參治療冠心病及腦卒中的潛在靶點(diǎn),并通過Metascape在線平臺(tái)進(jìn)行靶點(diǎn)蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)、基因本體(GO)和京都基因與基因組百科全書(KEGG)通路分析,使用Cytoscape 3.9.1構(gòu)建活性成分-關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)-核心通路網(wǎng)絡(luò),篩選出核心成分。采用分子對(duì)接模擬核心成分與關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)的結(jié)合程度。結(jié)果:篩選丹參治療冠心病與腦卒中“異病同治”的潛在靶點(diǎn)52個(gè),主要富集于糖基化終末產(chǎn)物/糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體(AGE/RAGE)、血小板激活、脂質(zhì)與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、流體剪應(yīng)力與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化等通路。核心藥效成分與磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS3,eNOS)、B淋巴細(xì)胞瘤相關(guān)蛋白-2(Bcl-2)、環(huán)氧合酶2(PTGS2)、整合素亞基α2b(ITGA2B)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶9(MMP9)等靶點(diǎn)結(jié)合穩(wěn)定。結(jié)論:丹參“異病同治”冠心病與腦卒中主要通過抗血小板活化與聚集、保護(hù)心腦血管細(xì)胞、穩(wěn)定斑塊、減輕炎癥等機(jī)制改善動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,并存在靶點(diǎn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)及協(xié)同療效的潛在可能。

關(guān)鍵詞冠心??;腦卒中;丹參;網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)

doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2024.04.002

Mechanism of the "Same Treatment of Different Diseases" of Salvia Miltiorrhiza for Treating Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

CAO Weiyi, FU Jinyi, LI Rui, CHENG Miaomiao

Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China

Corresponding AuthorLI Rui, E-mail: crystal005@163.com; CHENG Miaomiao, E-mail: caoweiyi521@163.com

AbstractObjective:To explore the heteropathy mechanism and key therapeutic targets of the "same treatment for different diseases" of salvia miltiorrhiza for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD) and stroke by network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:Potential targets for the treatment of coronary heart disease and stroke were screened through traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),online human Mendelian Genetic database(OMIM),DrugBank,and other databases.Target protein-protein interaction(PPI),Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia(KEGG) pathway analysis via the Metascape online platform.The active ingredient-key target-core pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 to screen out the core components.Molecular docking was used to simulate the degree of binding between core components and key targets.Results:Fifty-two potential targets of salvia miltiorrhea for the treatment of coronary heart disease and stroke were selected,mainly concentrated in the pathways of advanced glycation end products(AGE)/receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE),platelet activation,lipid and atherosclerosis,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis.The core pharmacodynamic components stably bound to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),nitric oxide synthase(NOS3,eNOS),B lymphocytoma-associated protein-2(Bcl-2),cyclooxygenase 2(PTGS2),integrin subunit α2b(ITGA2B),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),and other targets.Conclusion:The "same treatment for different diseases" of salvia miltiorrhoea can improve atherosclerosis in coronary heart disease and stroke mainly through? anti-platelet activation and aggregation,protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular cells,stabilization of plaque,and reduction of inflammation,with potential target competition and synergistic effects.

Keywordscoronary heart disease; stroke; salvia miltiorrhiza; network pharmacology

冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。╟oronary heart disease,CHD)簡(jiǎn)稱冠心病,是臨床常見的大血管病變,西醫(yī)多采用藥物改善心肌缺血、緩解癥狀,改善預(yù)后[1],病情嚴(yán)重者可考慮經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入或冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植等重塑血管。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為冠心病屬于“胸痹”的范疇。研究顯示,冠心病心絞痛中血瘀證的出現(xiàn)頻率較高,常見治療組方中以活血化瘀藥丹參最為常見[2]。腦卒中是一種常見的腦血管病變,西醫(yī)主要采用抗血栓、抗血小板聚集、抗凝血、降血脂、保護(hù)神經(jīng)、擴(kuò)血管等藥物治療,嚴(yán)重者考慮靜脈溶栓或血管內(nèi)介入治療[3-4]。中醫(yī)證候中風(fēng)、痰、瘀較為多見,且常兼夾出現(xiàn)[5]。丹參類注射液對(duì)出血及缺血性腦卒中急性期有一定療效[6]。丹參始載于《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》,藥性平和,祛瘀不傷正,為活血祛瘀要藥。丹參制劑在心腦血管疾病中的臨床應(yīng)用較為廣泛,研究表明,冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病和腦卒中病人更易接受中醫(yī)藥治療,且丹參在中醫(yī)藥治療中所占的比例較高[7]。本研究基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)的方法,探討丹參治療冠心病和腦卒中的異病同治機(jī)制。

1資料與方法

1.1丹參活性成分及潛在靶點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)

在中藥系統(tǒng)藥理學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫與分析平臺(tái)(TCMSP)(https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php)查找“丹參”的有效成分,篩選符合口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)≥30%且類藥性(drug-likeness,DL)≥0.18的有效成分,并通過《中華人民共和國(guó)藥典》[8]和相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[9-10 ]進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。

將TCMSP中獲得的有效成分,優(yōu)先在TCMSP中的Targets Information版塊通過Mol ID查詢相關(guān)蛋白。通過《中華人民共和國(guó)藥典》和文獻(xiàn)補(bǔ)充的有效成分和TCMSP未收錄相關(guān)蛋白的成分,在PubChem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)上查詢分子的結(jié)構(gòu)式,然后在Swiss Target Prediction(http://swisstargetprediction.ch/)平臺(tái)用有效分子的2D結(jié)構(gòu)式查詢相關(guān)蛋白。Swiss Target Prediction數(shù)據(jù)庫中的Probability越高,說明蛋白與分子的相關(guān)性越高,刪除搜索結(jié)果中Probability=0的靶點(diǎn)。最后用UniProt(https://www.uniprot.org/)查詢蛋白對(duì)應(yīng)的基因名。

1.2疾病靶點(diǎn)的收集與篩選

以“coronary heart disease”“stroke”為檢索詞,使用在線人類孟德爾遺傳數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://www.omim.org/,OMIM)、DrugBank數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://go.drugbank.com/)、基因名片數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://www.genecards.org/,GeneCards)和Therapeutic Target Database數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://db.idrblab.net/ttd/)檢索冠心病和腦卒中的疾病靶點(diǎn)。GeneCards的檢索結(jié)果中分?jǐn)?shù)越高表明基因與疾病的關(guān)聯(lián)性越高,由于冠心病和腦卒中的靶點(diǎn)過多,冠心病只保留分?jǐn)?shù)>20的靶點(diǎn),腦卒中只保留分?jǐn)?shù)>5的靶點(diǎn)。

1.3丹參“異病同治”靶點(diǎn)篩選

使用Draw Venn Diagram在線網(wǎng)站(https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/)繪制丹參治療冠心病和腦卒中的潛在靶點(diǎn)Venn圖。

1.4網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建

使用Metascape在線網(wǎng)站(https://metascape.org/)對(duì)交集靶點(diǎn)的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行分析,以物理相互作用分?jǐn)?shù)>0.132生成PPI子集。采用Cytoscape 3.9.1對(duì)PPI子集進(jìn)行可視化分析,并使用Molecular complex detection(MCODE)插件對(duì)PPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行模塊聚類分析。將MCODE評(píng)分較高的類族靶點(diǎn)作為關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)。

1.5富集分析

利用Metascape在線網(wǎng)站(https://metascape.org/)對(duì)關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行基因本體(GO)和京都基因和基因組百科全書(KEGG)分析,GO包括生物過程(biological process,BP)、細(xì)胞組分(cellular component,CC)和分子功能(molecular function,MF)分析。利用微生信平臺(tái)(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)對(duì)包含基因較多的通路進(jìn)行可視化分析。通路分析使用KEGG與Reactome(https://reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/)集成數(shù)據(jù)庫,并將檢索到的相似度>0.3的通路聚類,使用Cytoscape 3.9.1對(duì)P值排序前8位的主通路及與疾病相關(guān)度較高的子類通路進(jìn)行可視化處理。篩選與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道中疾病最為相關(guān)的6條主通路建立活性成分-關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)-核心通路網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖。

1.6分子對(duì)接

從成分-靶點(diǎn)-通路網(wǎng)絡(luò)中選取核心成分及關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)。核心成分結(jié)構(gòu)來自有機(jī)小分子活性數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/,PubChem),通過Chem3D軟件對(duì)所下載的化合物進(jìn)行能量最小化格式。蛋白晶體結(jié)構(gòu)來自蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(https://www.rcsb.org/),采用Pymol 2.1軟件刪除蛋白分子中的無關(guān)小分子后,利用AutoDock Tools-1.5.6軟件將成分與靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分子對(duì)接。使用Lamarckian遺傳算法,以150的群體值,最大值2 500萬次能量評(píng)估,最高次數(shù)為2 000次,交叉率0.8,突變率0.02,獨(dú)立對(duì)接運(yùn)行10次,并根據(jù)結(jié)合自由能評(píng)估最終對(duì)接結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合自由能越低表示結(jié)合效果越好。采用Pymol 2.1軟件對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行可視化。

2結(jié)果

2.1丹參活性成分及“異病同治”關(guān)鍵靶點(diǎn)

共獲得丹參有效成分81個(gè),其中,59個(gè)分子的對(duì)應(yīng)蛋白從TCMSP數(shù)據(jù)庫直接獲得,13個(gè)分子潛在靶點(diǎn)通過化合物靶標(biāo)預(yù)測(cè)工具(http://www.swiss target prediction.ch/,Swiss Target Prediction)預(yù)測(cè)獲得,9個(gè)分子因未找到相應(yīng)蛋白剔除。最終保留67個(gè)有效成分(見表1)及潛在作用靶點(diǎn)423個(gè)。獲得冠心病相關(guān)靶點(diǎn)1 369個(gè),腦卒中相關(guān)靶點(diǎn)408個(gè),其中,冠心病與腦卒中疾病共有靶點(diǎn)242個(gè),丹參治療冠心病與腦卒中“異病同治”的潛在靶點(diǎn)共52個(gè)(見圖1)。

2.2PPI分析與核心靶點(diǎn)篩選

利用Metascape網(wǎng)站對(duì)52個(gè)“異病同治”靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行蛋白互作分析,共獲得50個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)和202條邊。將結(jié)果導(dǎo)入Cytoscape 3.9.1中,通過MCODE插件對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行聚類分析,獲得4組類簇(見圖2),其中,節(jié)點(diǎn)越大表明基因度值(Degree)越大,其重要性越大。以聚類結(jié)果基因(見表2)及其他節(jié)點(diǎn)中Degree值排名前10位共29個(gè)基因作為核心靶點(diǎn)。

2.3核心靶點(diǎn)的GO與KEGG通路富集分析

通過Metascape在線網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行GO分析,獲得BP、CC及MF條目以P值進(jìn)行排序,取每種類別前6條以氣泡圖展現(xiàn)(見圖3),結(jié)果顯示,核心靶點(diǎn)主要與平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖調(diào)控(regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation)、肽反應(yīng)(response to peptide)、蛋白質(zhì)磷酸化正向調(diào)控(positive regulation of protein phosphorylation)、細(xì)胞遷移正向調(diào)控(positive regulation of cell migration)及細(xì)胞激活(cell activation)等生物過程相關(guān);主要位于血小板α顆粒(platelet alpha granule)、膜筏(membrane raft)、內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)腔(endoplasmic reticulum lumen)、細(xì)胞間隙(cell-cell junction)、復(fù)合物受體(receptor complex)等位置;主要與纖連蛋白結(jié)合(fibronectin binding)、核心啟動(dòng)子序列特異性結(jié)合(core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding)、腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族結(jié)合(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding)、蛋白酶結(jié)合(protease binding)、細(xì)胞因子受體結(jié)合(cytokine receptor binding)、蛋白激酶活性(protein kinase activity)等分子功能相關(guān)。

KEGG通路富集結(jié)果以P值排序,聚類主通路前20條以柱狀圖展現(xiàn)(見圖4)。結(jié)果顯示,核心靶點(diǎn)主要富集于白細(xì)胞介素4/白細(xì)胞介素13(IL4/IL13)信號(hào)通路、糖尿病并發(fā)癥的糖基化終末產(chǎn)物/糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體(AGE/RAGE)信號(hào)通路、癌癥、流體剪應(yīng)力與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、TNF信號(hào)通路、止血、血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)信號(hào)通路等。通過Cytoscape軟件將主通路及聚類子通路進(jìn)行可視化處理(見圖5),節(jié)點(diǎn)越大代表P值越小,有顯著差異。其中糖尿病并發(fā)癥的AGE/RAGE信號(hào)通路與脂質(zhì)/動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化通路密切相關(guān),止血與黏附斑、血小板激活信號(hào)通路密切相關(guān),TNF信號(hào)通路與胰島素抵抗及白細(xì)胞介素17(IL17)信號(hào)通路密切相關(guān)。VEGF與脂肪細(xì)胞脂解、Apelin信號(hào)通路密切相關(guān)。

2.4構(gòu)建活性成分-核心靶點(diǎn)-核心通路網(wǎng)絡(luò)

選擇與疾病病理最為相關(guān)6條主要通路,將通路、通路所包含的核心靶點(diǎn)及靶點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)化合物導(dǎo)入Cytoscape軟件,構(gòu)建活性成分-核心靶點(diǎn)-核心通路網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析圖(見圖6)。以通路與靶點(diǎn)連接的Degree評(píng)分將核心靶點(diǎn)從左到右按降序排列。根據(jù)靶點(diǎn)Degree值、與疾病相關(guān)的功能及其在通路中的上下游關(guān)系,共篩選出12個(gè)基因。包括多信號(hào)通路核心靶點(diǎn)AKT1、PIK3CA、MAPK1;血小板活化相關(guān)靶點(diǎn)PTGS2、整合素αⅡb(ITGA2B)、ITGB3;細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)靶點(diǎn)Bcl-2、CASP3;血管舒張相關(guān)靶點(diǎn)一氧化氮合酶(NOS3,eNOS)、內(nèi)皮素-1(EDN1);脂質(zhì)代謝及斑塊破裂相關(guān)靶點(diǎn)PPARG、MMP9。以化合物與靶點(diǎn)連接的Degree評(píng)分將化合物從左至右分為4類,顏色越深、節(jié)點(diǎn)越大代表在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中越重要。共篩選出6個(gè)主要活性成分,包括木犀草素(luteolin)、隱丹參酮(cryptotanshinone)、紫草酸(lithospermic acid)、迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid)、丹參酮ⅡA(tanshinone ⅡA)、丹參新醌D(danshenxinkun D)。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)反映了丹參主要活性成分對(duì)通路的潛在療效關(guān)系。

2.5活性成分與核心靶點(diǎn)分子對(duì)接

將6種主要活性成分與12個(gè)核心靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分子對(duì)接,結(jié)合能以kJ/mol計(jì)算。通過DrugBank數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索各靶點(diǎn)相關(guān)治療藥物作為分子對(duì)接的陽性對(duì)照。結(jié)合能低于陽性對(duì)照表示活性成分與靶點(diǎn)對(duì)接穩(wěn)定,結(jié)果如圖7所示。6種成分與AKT1、ITGAB2、MMP9結(jié)合能均低于陽性對(duì)照,結(jié)合穩(wěn)定。隱丹參酮、紫草酸、丹參酮ⅡA、丹參新醌D與PIK3CA、PTGS2、ITGA2B、NOS3、Bcl-2等靶點(diǎn)結(jié)合良好,丹參新醌D與整合素β3(ITGB3)結(jié)合良好,表明丹參多成分在治療冠心病與腦卒中“異病同治”的分子機(jī)制上具有潛在的多靶點(diǎn)協(xié)同作用。取結(jié)合能最低的5對(duì)組合進(jìn)行可視化展示。詳見圖8。

3討論

“異病同治”是以相同的組方治療具有相同證型的不同疾病,是體現(xiàn)中醫(yī)辨證論治的重要治法之一,也是中西醫(yī)對(duì)疾病認(rèn)知差異的具象表現(xiàn)。闡明異病同治的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)及作用機(jī)制有助于解釋中醫(yī)證型的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵,對(duì)溝通中西醫(yī)治病理念及推廣中醫(yī)藥國(guó)際化應(yīng)用具有重要的意義。冠心病與腦卒中是我國(guó)患病率較高的兩類心腦血管疾病。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,2021年,我國(guó)有腦卒中病人1 300萬人,冠心病病人1 139萬人[11]。冠心病與腦卒中在中醫(yī)的病因病機(jī)均以氣虛血瘀證最為常見[12-13]。丹參作為常用活血化瘀中藥在治療冠心病及腦卒中方面具有明確優(yōu)勢(shì)?!侗静菥V目》提及丹參入心,能破宿血、補(bǔ)新血,破癥除瘕,益氣養(yǎng)血。本研究通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)方法,獲得冠心病與腦卒中共同靶點(diǎn)242個(gè),丹參、冠心病與腦卒中共同靶點(diǎn)52個(gè)。通路分析結(jié)果顯示,核心靶標(biāo)與AGE/RAGE、血小板激活、脂質(zhì)與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、流體剪應(yīng)力與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、VEGF信號(hào)通路及炎癥通路相有關(guān),其中,AGE與RAGE相互作用會(huì)改變細(xì)胞基因表達(dá),并增加炎癥化合物的流出,導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈壁損傷和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊形成[14]。本結(jié)果表明,丹參治療冠心病與腦卒中“異病同治”潛在方向主要在于治療動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,作用機(jī)制包括調(diào)節(jié)血液狀態(tài)、減少血小板激活、減輕血細(xì)胞黏附、減少斑塊形成及保護(hù)血管內(nèi)壁,改善急慢性炎癥狀態(tài)等。本研究通過與核心靶點(diǎn)連接Degree值,最終篩選獲得丹參6種主要活性成分,包括木犀草素、隱丹參酮、紫草酸、迷迭香酸、丹參酮ⅡA、丹參新醌D,其中,隱丹參酮、丹參酮ⅡA、丹參新醌D屬于親脂活性成分。

分子對(duì)接結(jié)果還顯示,6種成分均與ITGA2B結(jié)合穩(wěn)定,木犀草素、隱丹參酮、紫草酸、丹參酮ⅡA和丹參新醌D均能與PTGS2結(jié)合穩(wěn)定,表明丹參可通過干擾血小板表面受體ITGA2B與ITGB3結(jié)合形成整合素αⅡbβ3,以及阻斷COX-2生成血栓素A2(TXA2)產(chǎn)生抗血小板活化的潛在作用。研究顯示,迷迭香酸可通過抑制還原型煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶/活性氧(ROS)/蛋白激酶C(PKC)-δ通路,抑制整合素αⅡbβ3形成,進(jìn)而改善β淀粉樣蛋白誘導(dǎo)的血小板活化[15]。丹參酮ⅡA可下調(diào)血小板糖蛋白4(CD36)與整合素αⅡbβ3表達(dá)[16]。研究顯示,丹參酮ⅡA與隱丹參酮可體外結(jié)合COX-2、5-脂氧合酶、血小板激活因子受體(PAFR)等[17]。隱丹參酮還可調(diào)節(jié)血栓模型斑馬魚中血小板活化水平及凝血聯(lián)級(jí)[18]。丹參酚酸B是血小板P2Y嘌呤受體12(P2Y12)拮抗劑,可通過抑制磷酸二酯酶(PDE)提高血小板靜息狀態(tài)下環(huán)磷酸腺苷(cAMP)濃度,從而降低血小板激活率[19]。因此,丹參多種成分能多靶點(diǎn)協(xié)同對(duì)抗血小板聚集及血小板黏附。

分子對(duì)接結(jié)果顯示,6種成分均能與AKT1結(jié)合穩(wěn)定,紫草酸與丹參酮ⅡA與PIK3CA結(jié)合穩(wěn)定,隱丹參酮、丹參酮ⅡA、丹參新醌D與NOS3結(jié)合穩(wěn)定。表明丹參可能通過PI3K/AKT通路蛋白作用于eNOS,或直接作用于eNOS,促進(jìn)一氧化氮(NO)合成,進(jìn)而發(fā)揮抗炎、舒張血管、保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,減輕缺血再灌注心肌細(xì)胞損傷等作用[20-21]。丹參酮ⅡA、丹參隱酮、木犀草素通過PI3K/AKT/eNOS信號(hào)通路保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、抗高血壓、對(duì)抗腦卒中損傷等作用均見報(bào)道[22-24]。PI3K/AKT通路、eNOS等均可調(diào)節(jié)Bcl-2的表達(dá),從而在心肌缺血再灌注損傷或腦卒中恢復(fù)期時(shí)發(fā)揮保護(hù)心腦血管細(xì)胞的作用[25]。分子對(duì)接結(jié)果還顯示,木犀草素、隱丹參酮、丹參酮ⅡA、丹參新醌D均與Bcl-2結(jié)合穩(wěn)定。研究顯示,丹參酮ⅡA可通過激活大麻素受體1(CNR1)/PI3K/AKT通路,下調(diào)凋亡調(diào)節(jié)因子BAX/Bcl-2比例保護(hù)大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元[26]。但在癌癥組織及癌細(xì)胞中,丹參酮ⅡA及隱丹參酮又具有抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路,抑制Bcl-2表達(dá)從而誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞凋亡的藥理作用[27-28]。丹參新醌D可通過逆轉(zhuǎn)阿爾茲海默癥特征靶點(diǎn)APP、早老素蛋白(PSEN1)、多巴胺受體D2(DRD2)的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞功能[29];而PSEN1可通過肽基輔酰胺異構(gòu)酶8(FKBP38)與Bcl-2結(jié)合,以表達(dá)水平依賴方式促進(jìn)Bcl-2從線粒體轉(zhuǎn)移到高爾基體,進(jìn)而調(diào)節(jié)線粒體介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡過程[30]。木犀草素主要通過核紅細(xì)胞2相關(guān)因子(Nrf2)依賴性途徑抑制NOD樣受體熱蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域相關(guān)蛋白3(NLPR3)形成炎癥小體,從而抑制神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞焦亡,該作用可能依賴于PI3K/AKT途徑的激活[31-32]。

MMP9是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的診斷標(biāo)志物。巨噬細(xì)胞衍生的MMP9能促進(jìn)單核細(xì)胞/巨噬細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)到病變部位中,加劇斑塊形成[33],并參與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)降解,導(dǎo)致纖維帽變薄斑塊破裂[34]。核因子κB(NF-κB)的激活介導(dǎo)MMP9及IL-6、TNF-α等炎性因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄,丹參酮ⅡA能通過激活PI3K/AKT通路,進(jìn)而抑制Toll樣受體4(TLR4)/NF-κB通路,降低MMP9、IL-6、TNF-α水平,穩(wěn)定斑塊。隱丹參酮也能通過抑制氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)誘導(dǎo)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中ROS產(chǎn)生和氧化低密度脂蛋白受體1(LOX-1)表達(dá),進(jìn)而抑制ROS激活NF-κB通路及MMP9、IL-6等標(biāo)志物的表達(dá)[35]。MMP9除了參與斑塊破裂還能介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞遷移及逃逸。迷迭香酸可通過PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路下調(diào)MMP9表達(dá),抑制膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞增殖和遷移,并降低Bcl-2表達(dá),促進(jìn)凋亡蛋白BAX及CASP3表達(dá)增加,從而誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[36]。

綜上所述,丹參治療冠心病與腦卒中“異病同治”療效主要在于多成分、多靶點(diǎn)抑制血小板活化和聚集,并通過調(diào)控PI3K/AKT/eNOS/Bcl-2通路、PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/MMP9通路發(fā)揮抗細(xì)胞損傷、保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮的療效、穩(wěn)定斑塊、減少炎性因子釋放等多種療效機(jī)制作用。本研究通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)方法進(jìn)行靶點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)并通過分子對(duì)接方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,從一定程度上闡明了丹參主要成分治療冠心病與腦卒中“異病同治”的療效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)與作用機(jī)制。但網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)方法預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果具有一定局限性,主要是數(shù)據(jù)庫收錄的完整性與精準(zhǔn)度情況,如TCMSP數(shù)據(jù)庫作為中藥網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)研究最常用的數(shù)據(jù)庫,存在化學(xué)成分命名與結(jié)構(gòu)與信息不符情況或數(shù)據(jù)庫更新不及時(shí)導(dǎo)致靶點(diǎn)遺漏;OB值與DL值篩選化合物時(shí)常把主要療效成分排除在外,如丹參主要活性成分丹參酚酸B、丹參酚酸A、紫草酸、迷迭香酸等均屬于此列;Swiss Target Prediction預(yù)測(cè)平臺(tái)只能預(yù)測(cè)分子量較小的化學(xué)成分,如丹參酚酸B無法進(jìn)行靶點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),同時(shí)TCMSP中也沒有丹參酚酸B的靶點(diǎn)信息,也說明TCMSP數(shù)據(jù)庫中成分的靶點(diǎn)信息主要來源于基于分子結(jié)構(gòu)的靶點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),并未補(bǔ)充文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道成分靶點(diǎn)信息。此外,分子對(duì)接及文獻(xiàn)研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),丹參多種成分均具有調(diào)控多靶點(diǎn)的作用現(xiàn)象,但與靶點(diǎn)直接結(jié)合的證據(jù)較少,尚需進(jìn)一步對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]穩(wěn)定性冠心病基層合理用藥指南[J].中華全科醫(yī)師雜志,2021,20(4):423-434.

[2]葉穎珊.近十年冠心病心絞痛中醫(yī)辨證分型與用藥規(guī)律文獻(xiàn)研究分析[D].廣州:廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2019.

[3]POWERS W J,RABINSTEIN A A,ACKERSON T,et al.Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke:2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association[J].Stroke,2019,50(12):e344-e418.

[4]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì),中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志社,中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)全科醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì),等.缺血性卒中基層診療指南(2021年)[J].中華全科醫(yī)師雜志,2021,20(9):927-946.

[5]張瑩瑩.醒后卒中中醫(yī)證候及危險(xiǎn)因素分布規(guī)律的觀察研究[D].濟(jì)南:山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2020.

[6]馬麗虹,李冬梅,李可建.系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)丹參制劑對(duì)不同類型卒中的療效[J].醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2012,31(12):1636-1639.

[7]YU Y A,SPATZ E S,TAN Q,et al.Traditional Chinese medicine use in the treatment of acute heart failure in western medicine hospitals in China:analysis from the China PEACE retrospective heart failure study[J].Journal of the American Heart Association,2019,8(15):e012776.

[8]國(guó)家藥典委員會(huì).中華人民共和國(guó)藥典(一部):2020年版[M].北京:中國(guó)醫(yī)藥科技出版社,2020:1-5.

[9]MEIM X D,CAO Y F,CHE Y Y,et al.Danshen:a phytochemical and pharmacological overview[J].Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines,2019,17(1):59-80.

[10]LI Z M,XU S W,LIU P Q.Salvia miltiorrhizaburge(Danshen):a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics[J].Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2018,39(5):802-824.

[11]馬文君,馬涵萍,王運(yùn)紅,等.《2021年中國(guó)心血管病醫(yī)療質(zhì)量報(bào)告》概要[J].中國(guó)循環(huán)雜志,2021,36(11):1041-1064.

[12]張利丹,謝雁鳴,高陽,等.2 558例缺血性腦卒中患者中醫(yī)證候與體質(zhì)的相關(guān)性[J].中醫(yī)雜志,2021,62(16):1416-1420.

[13]畢穎斐,王賢良,趙志強(qiáng),等.冠心病中醫(yī)證候地域性特征的臨床流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[J].中醫(yī)雜志,2020,61(5):418-422;461.

[14]SINGH S,SIVA B V,RAVICHANDIRAN V.Advanced glycation end products:key player of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis[J].Glycoconjugate Journal,2022,39(4):547-563.

[15]LEE B K,JEE H J,JUNG Y S.Aβ1-40-induced platelet adhesion is ameliorated by rosmarinic acid through inhibition of NADPH oxidase/PKC-δ/integrin αⅡbβ3 signaling[J].Antioxidants,2021,10(11):1671.

[16]WANG H,ZHONG L,MI S H,et al.Tanshinone ⅡA prevents platelet activation and down-regulates CD36 and MKK4/JNK2 signaling pathway[J].BMC Cardiovasc Disord,2020,20(1):81.

[17]SAVIANO A,DE VITA S,CHINI M G,et al.In silico,in vitro,and in vivo analysis of tanshinone ⅡA and cryptotanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza as modulators of cyclooxygenase-2/mPGES-1/endothelial prostaglandin EP3 pathway[J].Biomolecules,2022,12(1):99.

[18]LI J,LIU H,YANG Z Z,et al.Synergistic effects of cryptotanshinone and senkyunolide I in Guanxinning tablet against endogenous thrombus formation in zebrafish[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2021,11:622787.

[19]LIU L,LI J,ZHANG Y,et al.Salvianolic acid B inhibits platelets as a P2Y12 antagonist and PDE inhibitor:evidence from clinic to laboratory[J].Thrombosis Research,2014,134(4):866-876.

[20]LING Y,SHI J J,MA Q X,et al.Vasodilatory effect of Guanxinning tablet on rabbit thoracic aorta is modulated by both endothelium-dependent and-independent mechanism[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2021,12:754527.

[21]ZHU J Q,SONG W S,XU S X,et al.Shenfu injection promotes vasodilation by enhancing eNOS activity through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2020,11:121.

[22]WANG J Y,HE X Y,CHEN W N,et al.Tanshinone ⅡA protects mice against atherosclerotic injury by activating the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway[J].Coronary Artery Disease,2020,31(4):385-392.

[23]ZHU W X,QIU W H,LU A L.Cryptotanshinone exhibits therapeutical effects on cerebral stroke through the PI3K/AKT-eNOS signaling pathway[J].Molecular Medicine Reports,2017,16(6):9361-9366.

[24]JI L,SU S S,XIN M Y,et al.Luteolin ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via regulating HIF-2α-Arg-NO axis and PI3K-AKT-eNOS-NO signaling pathway[J].Phytomedicine,2022,104:154329.

[25]KORSHUNOVA A Y,BLAGONRAVOV M L,NEBORAK E V,et al.Bcl-2-regulated apoptotic process in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(review)[J].International Journal of Molecular Medicine,2021,47(1):23-36.

[26]LI Z W,CHENG L,WEN C,et al.Activation of CNR1/PI3K/AKT pathway by tanshinone ⅡA protects hippocampal neurons and ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2022,13:823732.

[27]LIU H Y,LIU C Y,WANG M Y,et al.Tanshinone ⅡA affects the malignant growth of Cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway[J].Scientific Reports,2021,11(1):19268.

[28]LUO Y,SONG L,WANG X Y,et al.Uncovering the mechanisms of cryptotanshinone as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2020,11:1264.

[29]LI B,WU Y R,LI L,et al.A novel based-network strategy to identify phytochemicals from Radix salviae miltiorrhizae(Danshen) for treating Alzheimer′s disease[J].Molecules,2022,27(14):4463.

[30]WANG H Q,NAKAYA Y,DU Z Y,et al.Interaction of presenilins with FKBP38 promotes apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial Bcl-2[J].Human Molecular Genetics,2005,14(13):1889-1902.

[31]ZHANG Z H,LIU J Q,HU C D,et al.Luteolin confers cerebroprotection after subarachnoid hemorrhage by suppression of NLPR3 inflammasome activation through Nrf2-dependent pathway[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2021,2021:1-18.

[32]BAIYUN R Q,LI S Y,LIU B Y,et al.Luteolin-mediated PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway ameliorates inorganic mercury-induced cardiac injury[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,161:655-661.

[33]CHEN Y J,WAQAR A B,NISHIJIMA K,et al.Macrophage-derived MMP-9 enhances the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and vascular calcification in transgenic rabbits[J].Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,2020,24(7):4261-4274.

[34]GU C,WANG F,ZHAO Z W,et al.Lysophosphatidic acid is associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability by regulating NF-κB dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via LPA2 in macrophages[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2017,8:266.

[35]LIU Z P,XU S W,HUANG X Y,et al.Cryptotanshinone,an orally bioactive herbal compound from Danshen,attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice:role of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1(LOX-1)[J].British Journal of Pharmacology,2015,172(23):5661-5675.

[36]LIU Y S,XU X P,TANG H,et al.Rosmarinic acid inhibits cell proliferation,migration,and invasion and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells[J].International Journal of Molecular Medicine,2021,47(5):67.

(收稿日期:2023-01-18)

(本文編輯鄒麗)

猜你喜歡
異病同治網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)腦卒中
基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)方法分析中藥臨床治療胸痹的作用機(jī)制
從網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)角度研究白芍治療類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎的作用
基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)的沙棘總黃酮治療心肌缺血的作用機(jī)制研究
基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)藥理學(xué)分析丹參山楂組分配伍抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的作用機(jī)制研究
基于“異病同治”理論治療前列腺疾病的思考
補(bǔ)中益氣湯臨床驗(yàn)案舉隅
早期護(hù)理介入在腦卒中患者構(gòu)音障礙訓(xùn)練中的作用
早期康復(fù)護(hù)理在腦卒中偏癱患者護(hù)理中的臨床效果
腦卒中合并腦栓塞癥的預(yù)防及護(hù)理觀察
良肢位擺放結(jié)合中藥熏敷降低腦卒中患者肌張力的療效觀察